Review of Study Types/Designs

Session 12: Review of Study Types/Designs

Total Session Time: 120 minutes

Prerequisites

 None

Learning Tasks

By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:

Resources Needed

 Flip charts, marker pens, and masking tape

 Black/white board and chalk/whiteboard markers

 Computer and LCD Projector

SESSION OVERVIEW

Activity/

Step Time Content

Method

1 05 minutes Presentation Introduction, Learning Tasks

Presentation

2 40 minutes Study Types Most Used in Research

Brainstorming

Presentation Uses and Limitation of Study Types most Used in

3 35 minutes

Buzzing Research

4 15 minutes Presentation Influence of Study Design on the Validity and

Reliability of the Study Result

10 minutes Presentation

5 Identification of the Most Appropriate Study Design

for Research Proposal being developed

6 05 minutes Presentation Key Points

7 05 minutes Presentation Evaluation

8 05 minutes Presentation Assignment

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SESSION CONTENTS

STEP1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)

READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify

ASK students if they have any questions before continuing

STEP 2: Study Types Most Used in Research (10 minutes)

Activity: Brainstorming (10 minutes)

Ask students to brainstorm on the following question:

 What study types are mostly used in research?

ALLOW few students to respond?

WRITE their responses on the flip chart/ board

CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below

REFER SESSION 6

STEP 3: Uses and Limitation of Each Study Type Most Used in Research

(10 minutes)

Activity: Buzzing (5 minutes)

ASK students to pair up and buzz on the following question for 2 minutes

ALLOW few pairs to respond and let other pairs to add on points not mentioned

WRITE their response on the flip chart/board

CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content in SESSION 6

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100

STEP 4: Influence of Study Design on the Validity and Reliability of the

Study Result (15 minutes)

intend to

measure (your conclusions are true).

o Internal validity: Difference in the dependent variable is actually a result of the

o independent variable.

o External validity: Results of the study are generalizable to other groups and

environments outside the experimental setting.

circumstances

should be able to obtain the same findings (your findings are repeatable).

o Reliability (repeatability) refers to the possibility to replicate (repeat) the

observations

and is related to the precision of the instrument used for scientific

observations.

o Validity refers to the soundness of the observations and to the accurateness

of the data collected by the research method/instrument.

STEP 5: Identification of the Most Appropriate Study Design for Research

(10 Minutes)

 Consider:

o Nature of the problem/topic

o State of knowledge about the problem/topic

o Resources available

o Skills of the researcher

STEP 6: Key Points (5 minutes)

 A descriptive study involves describing the characteristics of a particular situation, event

or case

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 An analytical study attempts to establish causes or risk factors for certain problems

 Any study designs used, should give valid and reliable findings

STEP 7: Evaluation (5 minutes)

 What study types are most used in research?

 What will you consider when selecting study design for research proposal?

STEP 8: Assignment (5 minutes)

Activity: Take Home Individual Assignment (5 minutes)

ASK each student to select an appropriate study type/design for a research proposal being

developed

ALLOCATE time for students to do the assignment and submit

REFER students to recommended reference

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References

Hardon A, Boonmongkon P, and Streefland P. et al (2001). Applied Health research,

Anthropology of health and health care, (3rd Ed) Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Het

Spinhuis Publishers

Beaglehole R, Bonita R and Kjellstrom (1993) Basic epidemiology: Geneva, Switzerland:

World Health Organization,

Kothari C.R (1985). Research Methodology – Methods and techniques, (2nd ed); New Delhi,

India; Wiley Eastern Limited

Stewart A (2001). Basic Statistics and epidemiology, A practical guide,; London, United

Kingdom: Radcliffe Medical Press,

Varkevisser, C. M, Pathmanathan, I and Brownlee, A (1991). Designing and Conducting

Health Systems Research Projects, Vol. 2 Part I: Ottawa, Canada: IDRC

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