NTA Level 6 • Semester 2 • PST06209

The Innovation and Creativity in Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship • Source Session/Topic 11

Full source-text version: all educational wording from the extracted learning source is retained; only presenter/tutor metadata and web-layout noise are removed, while formatting is improved for readability.

Session 11: The Innovation and Creativity in

Entrepreneurship

Total Session Time: 120 minutes

Prerequisites

• None

Learning Tasks

By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:

• Define innovation and creativity

• Explain principles of innovations and creativity

• Explain entrepreneurial mindset

Resources Needed:

• Flip charts, marker pens, and masking tape

• Black/white board and chalk/whiteboard markers

• LCD Projector and computer

SESSION OVERVIEW

Activity/

Step Time Content

Method

1 05 minutes Presentation Introduction, Learning Tasks

2 10 minutes Presentation Definition of Innovation and Creativity

Buzzing

3 35 minutes Presentation Principles of Innovations and Creativity

Brainstorming

4 60 minutes Presentation

Small Group Entrepreneurial Mindset

Discussion

5 05 minutes Presentation Key Points

6 05 minutes Presentation Evaluation

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PST 06209 Enterpreneurship NTA Level 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

SESSION CONTENTS

STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)

READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify

ASK students if they have any questions before continuing.

STEP 2: Definition of Innovation and Creativity (10 minutes)

Activity: Buzzing (5 minutes)

ASK students to pair up and buzz on the following question for 2 minutes

• What are innovation and creativity?

ALLOW few pairs to respond and let other pairs to add on points not mentioned

WRITE their response on the flip chart/board

CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below

• Innovation:

o The ability to apply creative solutions to problems and opportunities to enhance or

enrich people‘s lives

o It is the process or act of introducing or inventing something new, or a new

process/way of doing something.

o Is the creation of better or more effective products, processes, services, technologies,

or ideas that are accepted by markets, governments, and society.

o Refers to the use of a new idea or method,

o The process by which an idea or invention is translated into a product or service for

which people will pay, or something that results from this process.

• Creativity:

o The ability to develop new ideas and to discover new ways of looking at problems

and opportunities.

o Creativity can help a company:

 Manage tasks

 Improve staff performance

 Create quality products

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PST 06209 Enterpreneurship NTA Level 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

STEP 3: Principles of innovations and creativity (35 minutes)

Activity: Brainstorming (5 minutes)

Ask students to brainstorm on the following question:

• What are the principles of innovations and creativity?

ALLOW few students to respond?

WRITE their responses on the flip chart/ board

CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below

• Principles of Innovation

o Action-oriented

o Make the process or service simple

o Make the process or service customer-focused

o Start small but aim high

o Try, test, and revise the process or service

o Learn from failures

o Reward good performance

o Work, work, and work to innovate successfully.

o Innovation does not rely on genius or mystery.

• There four basic types of innovation:

o Invention

o Extension

o Duplication

o Synthesis

• Innovation can be incremental or radical

o Every improvement that you make in products or services can be seen as an

incremental innovation.

 Most businesses and most managers are good at incremental innovation.

 They see problems in the current set-up and they fix them

o Radical innovations involve finding an entirely new way to do things

 As such they are often risky and difficult to implement

 Most larger organizations and most managers are poor at radical innovation.

• Principles Creativity

o Creative thinking is acquired through:

 Asking questions, such as: ‗Is there a better way to…?‘

 Constructively challenging the routine, status quo, or traditional way of doing

things

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PST 06209 Enterpreneurship NTA Level 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

 Thinking of alternatives to any right answer

 Seeing mistakes and failures as stumbling blocks on the way to success

 Organizational leadership should have a culture that encourages people to develop

new thinking and new ways of doing things.

o This includes:

 Encouraging curiosity

 Viewing problems as challenges.

 Expect and tolerate them, and do not view them as threats.

 Training people on creativity

 Providing support

 Developing a procedure for capturing ideas

 Rewarding creative staff

STEP4: Entrepreneurial Mindset (60 minutes)

Activity: Small Group Discussion

Instructions

Work in small groups. Your group should discuss the following question:

• How does Entrepreneurial Mindset apply to the health sector?

You will be allowed ten minutes to discuss this question within your group. You may be

asked to share your responses with the class, so be prepared to discuss.

• The entrepreneurial mindset entails extraordinary thinking, and recognizing opportunities

that move beyond or reconsider routine/traditional ways of doing things.

• Pillars of the Entrepreneurial Mindset

• There are three pillars needed to create an entrepreneurial mindset:

o Means

 Capital/access to resources, which can be external funding, self-funding, the

ability to harness labour and so on.

 It generally takes something to make something else. (Often, this is money; but

not always.)

o Ability

 Having the physical and mental capacity to understand the vision in ways required

to succeed in the planned goals

o Desire

 Means the aspiration to invest in new ideas to make something of value happen to

an individual or a community

• Moving from Ideas to Reality

o Sources of ideas

 Experience of people in your workplace, work force, or others in the profession

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PST 06209 Enterpreneurship NTA Level 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

 They know how the system operates and already have contacts and a good

network

• A colleague doing some entrepreneurial work

• Service consumers demanding a certain service in the market

• Brainstorming

• Your interest in/inspiration for doing entrepreneurial work

• Survey results

o Generating ideas

 Inside-out approach

• Start by considering your own skills, abilities and your background to

determine what kind of activity you can improve or perform well.

• Identify your most promising skills and generate ideas as to how they can be

shaped for use in the potential activity.

• Begin by exploring your skills, abilities and interests a basis for identifying a

kind of business to explore.

• For example: You are a good clinician in one of the district hospital and there

are many clients from the catchment area waiting for medical care at the

council hospital.

• You can think of establishing a medical clinic with laboratory services where

many people can access the services more easily.

 Outside-in approach

• Begin by looking at the external environment for existing opportunities

(opportunity recognition).

• Solicit information/ask questions/conduct research about what the region,

district or community needs or wants, and then design an effective response to

that need or want.

STEP 5: Key Points (5 minutes)

• Innovation is the ability to apply creative solutions to problems and opportunities to

enhance or enrich people‘s lives

• Creativity is the ability to develop new ideas and to discover new ways of looking at

problems and opportunities

• There four basic types of innovation which are Invention, Extension, Duplication and

Synthesis

• The entrepreneurial mindset entails extraordinary thinking, and recognizing opportunities

that move beyond or reconsider routine/traditional ways of doing things

STEP 6: Evaluation (5minutes)

• What is innovation?

• What is creativity?

• What are principles of innovations and creativity?

• What is an entrepreneurial mind?

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PST 06209 Enterpreneurship NTA Level 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

References

Buskirk, R. H (1994). The Entrepreneurs Handbook: Premier Entrepreneur Programs, Inc.

Denver, Co.

Charantimath, P. M (2006) Entrepreneurship Development Small Business Enterprises:

Delhi, India: Pearson Education,

Hisrich, R.D., Peters, M.P., & Shepherd, D.A. (2005). Entrepreneurship. (6th Ed.) Boston:

McGraw-Hill.

Kuratko, D.F., & Hodgetts, R.M. (2007). Entrepreneurship: Theory, Process & Practice. (7th

Ed.) USA: Thomson

Roy, R. (2011, 2008). Entrepreneurship. 2nd Ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Stokes, D. & Wilson, N. (2002). Small Business Management and Entrepreneurship. (5th

Ed.) London: High Holborn House.

Zimmerer, T. W. & Scarborough N. M. (2008) Essentials of Entrepreneurship and Small

Business Management. (5th Ed) New Jersey: Pearson Education International

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PST 06209 Enterpreneurship NTA Level 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

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