Alma-Ata Declaration
Session
3: Alma-Ata Declaration
1
Learning Tasks
By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Define Alma-Ata declaration
Mention themes leading to Alma Ata
List objectives of Alma Ata declaration
Explain components of Alma Ata declaration
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Activity: Brainstorming
What could you explain about alma-
ata
declaration?
3
Definition
Alma Ata declaration
is the International Declaration on Primary Health Care expressing the need for urgent action by all governments, all health and development workers, and the world community to protect and promote the health of all the people of the world
It identified primary health care as the key to the attainment of the goal of health for all
4
Themes of Alma-Ata Declaration
Changing theories of health and development
Concerns about poverty and population control
Increasing reliance upon alternative approaches to medical care model
Success of community health workers and associated emphasis on community participation
Revival of interest in public health: tackling causes of ill health rather than symptoms
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Objectives of Alma-Ata Declaration
To promote the concept of primary health care in all countries
To exchange experience and information on the development of primary health care within the national health systems and services
To evaluate the present health and health care situation throughout the world as it relates to primary health care
To define the principles of primary health care as well as the operational means of overcoming practical problems in the development of primary health care
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Cont…
To define the role of governments, national, and international organizations in technical cooperation and support for the development of primary health care
To formulate recommendations for the development of primary health care.
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Components of Alma-Ata Declaration
Current world health situation
Primary health care approach
Primary health care and development
Technical and operational aspects
National strategies and international support
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Current world health situation
The conference declared that the health status of hundreds of people in the world today is unacceptable, particularly in developing countries.
More than half the population of the world does not have the benefit of proper health care.
The conference analyzed the magnitude of health problems and the inadequate and inequitable distribution of health resources between and within countries
The Conference called for a new approach to health and health care to achieve more equitable distribution of health resources.
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Primary health care approach
The Conference considered primary health care to be essential
It is the first level of contact of individuals, the family, and the community with the national health system
The Conference reaffirmed that governments have a responsibility for the health of their peoples
Each country must interpret and adapt particular, detailed aspects of primary health care within the country’s own social, political, and developmental context
All persons have the right and duty to participate individually and collectively in the planning and implementation of their health care
The Conference affirmed that the primary health care approach (health for all) would be attained by the year 2000
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Primary health care and development
The Conference considered the close interrelationship and interdependence of health, social and economic development
Health activities should be undertaken concurrently with measures such as those for the improvement of nutrition, increase in production and employment and protection and improvement of the environment
The Conference
Emphasized the importance of full and organized community participation in the recognition and solution of their health problems
Self-reliance.
Affirmed the need for a balanced distribution of all available resources.
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Technical and Operational Aspects in Primary Health Care
The varied experience of countries dealing with diverse health problems in rural and urban areas was discussed.
Thus the national health system have to support primary health care through appropriate training, super-vision, referral, and logistic support.
The government should ensure the main health problems in the community are identified and taken to action with special attention to vulnerable groups
The agreed translation of the principles of primary health care into action would require the priority allocation of budgetary resources to primary health care, better distribution and use of existing resources
Also research with full involvement of populations especially in health services should be carried out
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National strategies and international support
Each nation should now make a strong and continuing commitment to primary health care at all levels of government and society.
National strategies are required to:
Translate policies into action
Make health care available, equitably to the entire population.
Take into account socioeconomic factors and policies, available resources and the particular health problems and needs of the population
The Conference emphasized that the strategies should be formulated and applied with fullest participation of communities and sectors of the government.
Countries can learn and benefit from each other’s experience
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Cont…
International organizations, multilateral and bilateral agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and other partners should actively promote the national development of primary health care and give technical and financial support with full respect for the principles of national self-reliance and self determination and maximum utilization of locally available resources.
Any progress towards universal peace would release resources that could be used to accelerate socioeconomic development including primary health care and also benefit populations .
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Key Points
Alma Ata Declaration is the International Declaration on Primary Health Care, expressing the need for urgent action by all governments, all health and development workers, and the world community to protect and promote the health of all the people of the world
The components of the Alma Ata declaration are Current World Health Situation, Primary Health Care Approach, Primary Health Care and Development, Technical and Operational Aspects, National Strategies and International Support
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Review Questions
What are the objectives of Alma Ata declaration?
What was the world situation before declaration?
List themes which led to Alma Ata declaration
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References
Declaration of Alma-Ata International Conference on Primary Health Care, Alma-Ata, USSR, 6–12 September 1978. (2004).
Development,
47
(2), 159-161. doi:10.1057/palgrave.development.1100047
Alma Ata Conference 1978 Report. (
n.d
.). Retrieved from
Declaration of Alma-Ata International Conference (
n.d
.). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/publications/almaata_declaration_en.pdf
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