NTA Level 5 • Semester 1 • PST05105

Essential Medicines Concept in Promotion of Rational Medicines

Rational Use of Medicines • Source Session/Topic 7

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Session 7: Essential Medicines Concept in Promotion of Rational Medicines

Use

Total Session Time: 120 minutes

Prerequisites

• None

Students Learning Tasks

By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:

• Identify key factors for developing essential medicine list

• Identify important of essential medicine list

• Describe essential medicine list in promoting rational use of

medicines

• List criteria for selection of essential medicines

Resources Needed:

• Flip charts, marker pens, and masking tape

• Black/white board and chalk/whiteboard markers

SESSION OVERVIEW

SESSION CONTENTS

STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (05 Minutes)

READ or ASK students to read the learning objectives and clarify

ASK students if they have any questions before continuing

STEP 2: Key Factors for Developing an Essential Medicines List (30

Minutes)

|Activity: Brainstorming (10 Minutes) |

|Ask students to brainstorm on the following question: |

|What are the key factors for developing an essential drug list? |

|ALLOW few students to respond |

|WRITE their responses on the flip chart/ board |

|CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below |

The following are factors for developing of an essential medicines list

|Establishing a transparent process for creating and updating the list |

|of essential medicines, provide a voice for key stakeholders, but |

|ensure a scientific, evidence-based process |

|Linkage with standard clinical guidelines and involvement of both |

|specialists and primary care providers |

|Garner support from senior clinicians, academic institutions, public |

|health professionals, professional organizations, non-governmental |

|organizations and community members |

|Making the list available (essential medicines, formulary manuals and |

|clinical guidelines) in all health care facilities/health care |

|providers in both printed and electronic format |

|Consider launching of new or revised lists with the involvement of |

|concerned government officials with adequate publicity |

|Making clear the specific legal or administrative authority of the |

|essential medicines list for training, procurement, reimbursement and |

|public information |

|Establishing an administrative or budgetary “safety valve” for the |

|limited supply and use of non-listed medicines |

|Regular Updating of the list so that it reflects therapeutic advances |

|and changes in cost, resistance patterns and public health relevance. |

STEP 3: Important of Essential Medicine List (25 Minutes)

|Activity: Brainstorming (10 Minutes) |

|Ask students to brainstorm on the following question: |

|What are important of essential medicine list? |

|ALLOW few students to respond |

|WRITE their responses on the flip chart/ board |

|CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below |

A list of essential medicines is an immensely useful tool for:

• Policy making.

• Selection, procurement, distribution and quality assurance.

• For financing.

• For training health professionals:

o A selected list of essential medicines can form the basis for training

health professionals in the proper use of medicines.

• For providing information and imparting education relating to medicines:

o Patient education and efforts to promote proper use of medicines by

patients are enhanced when centred on specific medicines.

STEP 4: Essential Medicine List in Promoting Rational Use of Medicines (25

Minutes)

Essential medicine list can promoting rational use of medicines for the

reason that:

• When a limited list of essential medicines represents the physician's

consensus on the treatment of first choice, the quality of care improves.

• Irrational treatments are avoided.

• Physicians and dispensers become familiar with a smaller number of

medicines – thus promoting rational drug use

STEP 5: Criteria for Selection Essential Medicines (25 Minutes)

Essential medicines should be selected on the basis of:

• Relevance to the pattern of prevalent diseases; Having medicines

available for the treatment of most prevalent diseases, ailments,

sicknesses and so forth at the levels of care provided.

• Proven efficacy and safety

• Adequate scientific data and evidence of performance in a variety of

settings

• Adequate good quality

• Affordable and cost-effectiveness so as to optimize the use of financial

resources. (Favorable cost-benefit ratio )

• Desirable pharmacokinetic properties

STEP 6: Key Points (05 Minutes)

The essential medicines concept embraces the following guiding

principles such as:

• The vast majority of health problems for most members of the

population can be treated with a small, carefully selected number of

medicines.

• In practice, most doctors and other health professionals routinely

use a small fraction of medicines produced.

• Training and clinical experience should focus on the proper use of

these few medicines.

• Procurement, distribution and other supply activities can be carried

out most economically and most efficiently for a limited list of

pharmaceutical products.

STEP 7: Evaluation (05 minutes)

• List the importance of essential medicine list

• What are Key factors for developing of an essential medicines list?

• What are criteria for selection of essential medicines

References

Kar SS1,Pradhan HS2,Mohanta GP3, (2010). Concept of essential medicines and

rational usein public health.Indian Journal of Community Medicine.

Tripathi KD. (2010), Aspects of Pharmacotherapy; Clinical pharmacology and

DrugDevelopement In: Essentials of medical pharmacology. Jay pee brothers

medical publishers (p) ltd, New Delhi 6th ed.

Bentley, A. O., & Rawlins, E. A. (1977). Bentley's textbook of

pharmaceutics (8th ed.). London, United Kingdom: Bailliere Tindall.

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