Spirochetes Infection
Session 23: Spirochetes Infection
Total Session Time: 60 minutes
Pre-requisites
Students Learning Tasks
By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
signs and symptoms)
diseases
Resources Needed:
SESSION OVERVIEW
|Step |Time |Activity/ |Content |
| | |Method | |
|1 |5 minutes |Presentation |Introduction, Learning Tasks |
|2 | 10 minutes|Presentation |Characteristics of Spirochetes |
|3 |5 minutes |Presentation |Cause and Transmission of Syphilis|
|4 | |Small group |Signs and Symptoms of Syphilis |
| |20 minutes |discussion/ | |
| | |Presentation | |
|5 |10 minutes |Presentation |Treatment, Prevention and Control |
| | | |of Syphilis |
|6 |5 minutes |Presentation |Key Points |
| 7|5 minutes |Presentation |Evaluation |
SESSION CONTENTS
STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)
READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify
ASK students if they have any questions before continuing
STEP 2: Characteristics of Spirochetes (10 minutes)
bacteria
two genera whose members are human pathogens, Borrelia and Treponema
shaped bacilli that are motile by endofagella or internal flagella
location of their flagella (sometimes called axial filaments or
endofagella or internal flagella) which run lengthwise between the
bacterial inner membrane and outer membrane in periplasmic space
o They are readily killed in dry conditions and various chemical
agents including penicillins.
immunofluorescent stain or dark-field illumination is used
cause treponemal diseases such as syphilis, bejel, pinta, and yaws.
STEP 3: Cause and Transmission of Syphilis (5 minutes)
by one or more skin lesions (chancres) at the site where the
spirochete penetrated
pallidum
person, close contact with active lesions, blood transfusion and
passage to placenta in pregnancy (congenital syphilis)
STEP 4: Signs and Symptoms of Bacillus Food Poisoning (20 minutes)
|Activity: Small Group Discussion (10 minutes) |
| |
|DIVIDE students into small manageable groups |
| |
|ASK students to discuss on the following question |
|What are the clinical manifestations of syphilis? |
| |
|ALLOW students to discuss for 15 minutes |
| |
|ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not |
|mentioned |
| |
|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the contents below |
o General lymphadenopathy
and mobile
o One or more skin lesion
ulcer with clean base “a chancre”
o This primary lesion heals spontaneously and later reappear
o Signs of disseminated disease appear, with prominent skin lesions
dispersed over the entire body surface.
palms and soles
o Spontaneous remission may occur after the primary or secondary
stages or the disease may progress to the late phase (tertiary
syphilis)
o Manifest years after chancres have healed
o Virtually all tissues may be involved
o In utero infections can lead to serious fetal disease, resulting
in latent infections, multiorgan malformations, or death of the
fetus
o Most infected infants are born without clinical evidence of the
disease, but rhinitis then develops and is followed by a
widespread desquamating maculopapular rash
o Teeth and bone malformation, blindness, deafness, and
cardiovascular syphilis are common in untreated infants who
survive the initial phase of disease
STEP 5: Treatment, Prevention and Control of Syphilis (10 minutes)
o Antibiotics
o Early diagnosis and treatment
o Safe sex practices e.g. use of condoms
o Detection and treatment of pregnant
STEP 6: Key Points (5 minutes)
move by endogeonous flagella
cause treponemal diseases such as syphilis, bejel, pinta, and yaws.
painless chancre and progression to chronic disease
by safe sex practices and early diagnosis and treatment of patient to
prevent progression of the disease.
STEP 7: Evaluation (5 minutes)
References
Hugo and Russell (2011), Pharmaceutical Microbiology 8th Edition, Willey-
Blackwel publications
Karen C. Carroll et al (2013); Jawetz, Melnick and Adelberg’s Medical
Microbiology 26th Ed. McGraw Hill Co. Inc.
Greenwood et al (2012); Medical Microbiology, 18th edition Churchill
Livingstone
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