Mycobacterial Infections
Session 17: Mycobacterial Infections
Total Session Time: 120 minutes
Pre-requisites
Students Learning Tasks
By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
signs and symptoms)
Resources Needed:
SESSION OVERVIEW
|Step |Time |Activity/ |Content |
| | |Method | |
|1 |5 minutes |Presentation |Introduction, Learning Tasks |
|2 | |Buzzing/ |Cause and Transmission of |
| |25 minutes |Presentation |Tuberculosis |
|3 |10 minutes |Presentation |Signs and Symptoms of Tuberculosis|
|4 |25 minutes |Brainstorming/|Treatment, Prevention and Control |
| | |Presentation |of Tuberculosis |
|5 |15 minutes |Presentation |Cause and Transmission of Leprosy |
|6 | 10 minutes|Presentation |Signs and Symptoms of Leprosy |
|7 |20 minutes |Presentation |Treatment, Prevention and Control |
| | | |of Leprosy |
|9 |5 minutes |Presentation |Key Points |
| |5 minutes |Presentation |Evaluation |
|10 | | | |
SESSION CONTENTS
STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)
READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify
ASK students if they have any questions before continuing
STEP 2: Cause and Transmission of Tuberculosis (25 minutes)
|Activity: Buzzing (5 minutes) |
| |
|ASK students to pair up and buzz on the following question for 2 |
|minutes |
| |
|What is the cause and transmission of Tuberculosis?? |
| |
|ALLOW few pairs to respond and let other pairs to add on points |
|not mentioned |
| |
|WRITE their response on the flip chart/board |
| |
|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below |
•
infection, often with a period of latency following initial infection.
TB most commonly affects the lungs
are the main reservoir)
o Similar disease occasionally results from the closely related
mycobacteria, M. bovis, M. africanum, and M. microti—which
together with M. tuberculosis are known as the Mycobacterium
tuberculosis complex
(droplet nuclei) containing M. tuberculosis.
o Mycobacteria disperse primarily through coughing, singing, and
other forced respiratory maneuvers by people who have active
pulmonary or laryngeal TB
family Mycobacteriaceae
o Pulmonary TB
o Extra pulmonary TB
to cause damage in any organ such as meninges, lymphnodes,
kidneys, spine, intestinal and ostearticular
asymptomatic), latent infection (dormant stage) and active infection.
STEP 3: Signs and Symptoms of Tuberculosis (10 minutes)
STEP 4: Treatment, Prevention and Control of Tuberculosis (25 minutes)
drug resistance
o First line drugs
o Second line drugs include;
grouped into three categories namely category I, II and III
o Combination of anti-Tb drugs into regimens is based on these
categories
o Oral contraceptive use
o Pregnancy
o Breastfeeding
o Drug resistance
o Treatment of patients with active tuberculosis
o Treating causes of immune suppression
o Immunization with BCG vaccine
o Pasteurization of milk
o Isolation of patients
|Activity: Take home Assignment (10 minutes) |
| |
|DIVIDE students in groups or individual. |
| |
|ASK the students to work on the following assignment |
| |
|What are the regimens (drug, dose and schedule) used for treatment of |
|tuberculosis in different patients? |
| |
|ALLOCATE time for students to do the assignment and submit |
| |
|REFER students to recommended references |
STEP 5: Cause and Transmission of Leprosy (15 minutes)
leprae
mucous memberanes, usually affecting the cooler parts of the body such
as skin, nose and upper respiratory tract
all races, all ages and both sexes
lepromatous leprosy who discharge large numbers of M. leprae in nasal
secretions and from skin lesions
leprosy and a mixture of the two
o Tuberculoid leprosy the disease is non-progressive and benign
o Lepromatous leprosy the disease is progressive and malignant
STEP 6: Signs and Symptoms of Leprosy (10 minutes)
anaesthetic macula or nodular and erythematous skin lesions and nerve
thickening
the following signs of symptoms:
o Burning sensations in the skin
o Pale patches on the skin with loss of feeling
o Numbness and tingling of the feet and/or hands
o Weakness of eyelids, hands or feet
o Tender nerves
o Painless swellings or lumps in the face and earlobes
o Painless wounds or burns on the hands or feet
o Skin patch with loss of sensation
o One or more enlarged peripheral nerves
o The presence of leprosy bacilli
STEP 7: Treatment, Prevention and Control of Leprosy (20 minutes)
Treatment
development of drug- resistance, therefore it should be avoided
result of skin smear test
o Multi-bacillary (MB) leprosy – have 6 or more leprosy skin lesions
and tested positive for skin smear
o Paucibacillary (PB) leprosy – have 1 to 5 leprosy skin lesion and
positive skin smear
o Rifampicin, Dapsone and clofazimine
o Rifampicin and Dapsone
Prevention and Control
STEP 9: Key Points (5 minutes)
infection, often with a period of latency following initial infection
cooler parts of the body
to avoid drug resistance
STEP 10: Evaluation (5 minutes)
References
Hugo and Russell (2011), Pharmaceutical Microbiology 8th Edition, Willey-
Blackwel publications
Karen C. Carroll et al (2013); Jawetz, Melnick and Adelberg’s Medical
Microbiology 26th Ed. McGraw Hill Co. Inc.
Greenwood et al (2012); Medical Microbiology, 18th edition Churchill
Livingstone
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