NTA Level 5 • Semester 1 • PST05101

The Pull and Push Systems

Medicines and Medical Supplies Management • Source Session/Topic 19

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Session 19: The Pull and Push Systems

Total Session Time: 120 minutes

Prerequisites

• None

Students Learning Tasks

By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:

• Explain background change from kits supply system integrated logistic

supply system

• Differentiate between pull and push systems

• Explain the advantages and disadvantages of Pull supply system

• Explain the advantages and disadvantages of Push supply system

Resources Needed:

• Flip charts, marker pens, and masking tape

• Black/white board and chalk/whiteboard markers

SESSION OVERVIEW

SESSION CONTENTS

STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)

READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify

ASK students if they have any questions before continuing.

STEP 2: Definitions of Pull and Push Systems (10 minutes)

|Activity: Brainstorming (5 minutes) |

| |

|Ask students to brainstorm on the following question: |

| |

|What is the meaning of the pull and push system? |

| |

|ALLOW few students to respond |

| |

|WRITE their responses on the flip chart/ board |

| |

|CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below |

Pull System

• This is defined as a logistics system where by the quantity to be

ordered is determined by the person placing the order. Also known as

requisition system

Push System

• This is defined as a logistics system where by the quantity to be

ordered is determined by the person who fulfills the order. Also

known as allocation system

STEP 3: Explanations of the Pull System (35 minutes)

|Activity: Buzzing (5minutes) |

| |

|ASK students to pair up and buzz on the following question for 3 |

|minutes |

| |

|What explanations can you give about the pull system? |

| |

|ALLOW few pairs to respond on the question and let other pairs add on |

|points not mentioned WRITE their response on the flip chart/board |

| |

|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below |

Pull system

• The customer determines their own needs depending on the demand.

• It is demand driven supply

• Customer has the control over the products

Advantage

o Minimizes overstocking or understocking

o Customer gets what they need

o Lower inventory holding costs

o Minimum wastage due to expiry

o Less space required

o Guarantee high quality

o Better communication

Disadvantage

o Long lead time because supply is based on demand

o Expensive

o Requires professional to forecast demand

STEP 4: Explanations of the Push System (45 minutes)

|Activity: Small Group Discussion ( 15 minutes) |

| |

|DIVIDE students into manageable groups |

| |

|ASK students to discuss in groups on the following question: |

| |

|What explanations can you give about the push system? |

| |

|ALLOW students to discuss for 15 minutes |

| |

|ALLOW each groups to present |

| |

|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the contents below |

Push system:

• Supplier determines what to supply to the customer

• Supplier driven supply

• Supplier has the control over the market demand

Advantage

o Shorter lead time

o Lower distribution costs

Disadvantage

o It may lead into overstocking or understocking

o May lead into expiry of commodities

o Requires professionals to master optimum flow of commodities

o It may lead into more wastage due to expiry

o High inventory carrying costs

o Poor communication

STEP 5: Differentiation between Pull and Push systems (45 minutes)

The following are the comparison of pull and push system

[pic]

STEP 5: Key Points (5 minutes)

• The pull system is a logistics system where by the quantity to be

ordered is determined by the person placing the order. Also known as

requisition system

• The push system is a logistics system where by the quantity to be

ordered is determined by the person who fulfills the order. Also known

as allocation system

• There are several differences regarding these two systems and they are

based on the advantages and disadvantages of the two systems. In a

nutshell; if supplies of products are limited, a pull system is not

appropriate, because not enough supplies are available to fill all

orders. In this case, a push system is the only choice. In a push

system, the higher level tracks the needs of all lower levels and

determines the best way to distribute the limited quantity of

supplies.

STEP 6: Evaluation (5 minutes)

• What is the definitions of the following;

o Pull system?

o Push system?

• What are the differences between the pull and push systems?

References

MSH and WHO (2012) Managing Access to Medicines and Health Technology,

3rd Edition. Kumarian Press

World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for Africa

Brazzaville 2004, Management of Drugs at Health Centre Level Training

Manual.

United Republic of Tanzania Ministry of Health and Social Welfare,

Strategy for Development and Implementation of an Integrated Logistics

System for Essential Health Commodities: Government Printers, Dar es

Salaam

USAID | DELIVER PROJECT, Task Order 1. 2011. Tanzania: 2020 Supply

Chain Modeling—Forecasting Demand from 2020–2024. Arlington, Va

USAID| DELIVER PROJECT, The Logistics Handbook (2009). A practical

guide for supply chain managers in family planning and health

programs

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