Internet, Web and Computer Communications
Session 20: Internet, Web and Computer Communications
Total Session Time: 60 minutes + 120 minutes of Practical
Prerequisites
None
Learning Tasks
By the end of this session, students are expected to be able to:
Explain How the Internet and the Web Started
Explain the Difference Between the Internet and the Web
Uses of the Internet and the Web
Describe Some Ways to Access the Internet
Describe How to Access the Web Using Browser
Describe Internet Communications
Resources Needed
Flip charts, marker pens, and masking tape
Black/ white board and chalk/ whiteboard markers
Computer, LCD and Internet connectivity
SESSION OVERVIEW
Step
Time
Activity/
Method
Content
1
05 minutes
Presentation
Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks
2
10 minutes
Brainstorming
Presentation
Introduction to Internet
3
45 minutes
Presentation
Small Group Discussion
Exercise
Description of Ways to Access the Internet
4
30 minutes
Presentation
Difference Between Internet and Web
5
30 minutes
Brainstorming
Presentation Exercise
Uses of the Internet and the Web
6
35 minutes
Presentation Exercise
Description Internet Communications
7
10 minutes
Presentation
Key Points
8
5 minutes
Presentation
Evaluation
9
10 minutes
Presentation
Assignment
SESSION CONTENT
Step 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)
READ or ASK student to read the learning objectives and clarify.
ASK students if they have any questions before continuing
.
Step 2: Introduction to the Internet (10 minutes)
Activity: Brainstorming (5 minutes)
Ask students to brainstorm on the following question:
What is internet?
ALLOW few students to respond.
WRITE their responses on the flip chart/ board
CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below
What is internet?
In simple words, internet is a huge number of computers that are worldwide connected to each other.
These computers are situated in many different countries and are connected through telephone lines, cables in the ground and even satellites in space.
Internet is used when
You want to communicate with a friend across town, in another state, or even in another country
Perhaps you would like to send a drawing, a photo, or just a letter.
When looking entertainment information.
Perhaps you're researching a term paper or exploring different career paths.
Step 3: Description of Ways to Access the Internet (45 minutes)
The internet is often referred to as the information superhighway.
It is like a highway that connects you to millions of other people and organizations.
Unlike typical highways that move people and things from one location to another, the internet moves your ideas and information.
Rather than moving through geographic space, you move through Cyberspace-the space that moves ideas and information electronically.
The web provides an easy-to-use, exciting, multimedia interface to connect to the internet and to access the resources available in cyberspace.
Access to the Internet
The first step to using the Internet and Web is to get connected, or to gain access to the Internet.
Internet Service Providers (ISP) gives us access to the Internet.
National, regional, and wireless are the three types of ISPs.
Browsers provide access to Web resources.
The Internet and the telephone system are similar you can connect a computer to the Internet much like you connect a phone to the telephone system.
Once you are on the Internet, your computer becomes an extension of what seem like a giant computer-a computer those branches all over the world.
When provided with a connection to the Internet, you can use a browser program to search the Web.
The role of providers (Internet Service Providers)
The most common way to access the Internet is through an Internet service provider (ISP).
The providers are already connected to the Internet and provide a path or connection for individuals to access the Internet.
Your college or university most likely provides you with free access to the Internet either through its local area networks or through a dial-up or telephone connection.
There are also some companies that offer free Internet access.
Commercial Internet service providers offer national, regional, and wireless service.
Use Browsers to Access Internet
Activity: Small Group Discussion ( 15 minutes)
DIVIDE students into small manageable groups
ASK students to discuss on the following question
What URL, HTML and Browser?
ALLOW students to discuss for 10 minutes
ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not mentioned
CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the contents below
Browsers
Browsers are programs that provide access to Web resources.
This software connects you to remote computers, opens and transfers files, displays text and images, and provides in one tool an uncomplicated interface to the Internet and Web documents.
Browsers allow you to explore, or to surf, the Web by easily moving from one Web site to another.
Two well-known browsers are Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer.
For browsers to connect to resources, the location or address of the resources must be specified. These addresses are called Uniform Resource Locators (URLs).
.
Part of URL
All URLs have at least two basic parts.
Protocol
Protocols are rules for exchanging data between computers. The protocol http:// is the most widely used Web protocol.
Domain name (top level domain)
It is the name of the server where the resource is located. www.mtv.com is an example of Server (Many URLs have additional parts specifying directory paths, file names, and pointers.) The last part of the domain name following the dot (.) is the domain code. It identifies the type of organization. For example, .com indicates a commercial site. The URL http:// www.mtv.com connects your computer to a computer that provides information about MTV.
Domain code (example com)
How Does The Browser Work?
Once the browser has connected to the Web site, a document file is sent back to your computer. This document contains Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) commands.
The browser interprets the HTML commands and displays the document as a Web page. For example, when your browser first connects to the Internet, it opens up to a Web page specified in the browser settings.
This page presents information about the site along with references and hyperlinks or links that connect to other documents containing related information-text files, graphic images, audio, and video clips.
These documents may be located on a nearby computer system or on one halfway around the world.
The computer that stores and shares these documents is called a Web server.
The references appear as underlined and colored text and/or images on the Web page.
To access the referenced material, all you do is click on the highlighted text or image.
A connection is automatically made to the computer containing the material, and the referenced material appears on your display screen.
Step 4: Difference Between Internet and Web (30 minutes)
It is easy to get the internet and the web confused, but they are not the same thing.
The internet
Is the actual physical network.
It is made up of wires, cables, and satellites.
Being connected to this network is often described as being online.
The internet connects millions of computers and resources throughout the world.
The web
Is a multimedia interface to resources available on the internet.
Every day over a billion users from every country in the world use the internet and the web.
Figure 1: Internet – A Worldwide Network of Computers, Making Information Available To Everyone
Source: Jamani's Guide to Computers
On the picture below is how a website might look. The one you opened may look very different.
Figure 2:Yahoo.Com Web Look Like
Getting Text from the Internet
Click the cursor at the beginning of the text and keep the left mouse button pressed down
Move the cursor to the end of the text to select the text
To copy the selected text into the computer’s memory:
Move the cursor above the selection and click the right button
In the menu that appears, choose ‘Copy’
Go to MS Word by clicking the button in the taskbar
Click on the ‘Paste’-button to put the text in your document
Note: The selected text remains in the memory until you copy another text or picture.
Getting pictures from the internet
To copy a picture into the computer’s memory:
Move the cursor on a picture and click the right mouse button
In the menu that appears, choose ‘Copy’
Note: To save the picture as a separate document in your folder, choose ‘Save picture As…
Go to MS Word by clicking the button in the taskbar
Click on the ‘Paste’-button to put the picture in your document and create a colorful leaflet.
Step 5: The Uses of Internet and Web (30 minutes)
Activity: Brainstorming (5 minutes)
Ask students to brainstorm on the following question:
What are the uses of internet and web?
ALLOW few students to respond?
WRITE their responses on the flip chart/ board
CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below
Communicating
This is the most popular internet activity.
You can exchange e-mail with your family and friends almost anywhere in the world.
You can join and listen to discussions and debates on a wide variety of special-interest topics.
You can even create your own personal web page for friends and family to visit.
Shopping
This is one of the fastest-growing internet applications.
You can visit individual stores or a cybermall, which provides access to a variety of different stores.
You can window shop, look for the latest fashions, search for bargains, and make purchases.
You can purchase goods using checks, credit cards, or electronic cash.
Figure 3: Shopping over the internet is one of the Web’s growing activities
Searching.
You can access some of the world’s largest libraries directly from your home computer.
You can visit virtual libraries, search through their stacks, read selected items, and even check out books.
You will also find the latest local, national, and international news.
Most newspapers maintain an online presence and include interactive and multimedia presentation related to current news stories.
Using Google
You can also use Google to search for pictures or images on internet:
Click on ‘Images’ to go to Google’s Image Search
In the text-box, type the subject of the pictures you are looking for, for example ‘Bagamoyo’
Click the button ‘Google search’ and wait for the results
The next screen shows the results: Google found 313 images related to ‘Bagamoyo’.
Figure 4: Searching Engine
Source: Jamani’s Guide to Computers
Each result is a ‘link’ to a website containing an image. To go to the website, just click on an image.
Use the ‘Back’-button to go back to Google’s results and click on another image
Scroll down the page to see more images…
Google shows a little text from each website.
Google also shows the address of the website.
At the bottom of each page, you can click to see the next ten results.
Figure 5: result from search engine
Source: Jamani’s Guide to Computers
Figure 6:Searching For Information
Source: Jamani’s Guide to Computers
Entertainment
You can find music, movies, magazines, and computer games.
You will find live concerts, movie previews, book clubs, and interactive live games.
Education or e-leaning
Education or e-leaning is another rapidly emerging Web application.
You can take classes on almost any subject.
There are courses just for fun and there are courses for high school, college, and graduate school credit.
Some cost nothing to take and others cost a lot.
Step 6: Description of Internet Communications (35 Minutes)
There are three types of Internet Communication. Those are e-mail, instant messaging, and discussion groups.
E-mail or electronic mail is the transmission of electronic messages over the internet.
The big difference with normal mail is speed.
One second after you press a button to send an e-mail, it arrives at the e-mail address you used even if you send it to the other end of the world.
If your computer is connected to the internet, you can use e-mail for communicating with friends and business relations.
You can also ‘attach’ documents to an e-mail; such as reports or digital photographs.
There are special websites that give you e-mail service free of charge like yahoo, Hotmail and Google.
If you want to use e-mail, you simply visit one of these websites and open an ‘e-mail account’.
You get a private e-mail address which you give to your friends, and then they can send you e-mail.
To read your e-mail and to send e-mails yourself, you visit the website again and open your personal ‘mailbox’
A typical e-mail message has three basic elements:
Header this appears first and typically includes the following information
Addresses: Addresses of the persons sending, receiving, and, optionally, anyone else who is to receive copies. E-mail addresses have two basic parts i.e:dcoats@usc.edu (dcoats is a user domain, usc.edu is domain name, edu is the domain code)
The first part is the user's name and the second part is the domain name, which includes the domain code. In our example e-mail, dcoats is user name. The server providing e-mail service for the user is usc.edu. The domain code indicates that the provider is an educational institution.
Subject: A one-line description, used to present the topic of the message. Subject lines typically are displayed when a person checks his or her mailbox.
Attachments: Many e-mail programs allow you to attach files such as documents and worksheets. If a message has an attachment, the file name appears on the attachment line.
The letter or message comes next. It is typically short and to the point. Finally, the signature line provides additional information about the sender. Typically, this information includes the sender's name, address, and telephone number.
Message, is the text area where you can type anything so as ready for send
Signature. This is where your Designation and contacts appears
Instant Message (IM)
Instant messaging (IM) is an extension of e-mail that allows two or more people to contact each other via direct, live communication.
To use instant messaging, you specify a list of friends (also known as buddies or contacts) and register with an instant messaging server.
Whenever you connect to the Internet, special software informs your messaging server that you are online.
In response, the server will notify you if any of your contacts are online.
At the same time, it notifies your contacts that you are online.
You can then send messages directly back and forth to one another.
Many new instant messaging programs also include videoconferencing features, file sharing, and remote assistance.
To see how Instant Messaging works, visit us at www.olearyseries.com/CE06 and select Animations.
The most widely used instant messaging services are AOLs Instant Messenger, Microsoft's MSN Messenger, and Yahoo Messenger.
One limitation, however, is that many instant messaging services do not support communication with other services.
For example, at the time of this writing, a user registered with AOL cannot use AOLs Instant Messenger software to communicate with a user registered with Yahoo Messenger.
Recently, however, some software companies have started providing universal instant messenger programs that overcome this limitation.
For example, Gain, Odigo, and Trillian provide instant messaging services that do support communication with other services.
Discussion Groups
You can also use e-mail to communicate in discussion groups with people you do not know but with whom you wish to share ideas and interests.
You can participate in forums and debates that range from general topics like current events and movies to specialized forums like computer troubleshooting and Hollywood animations. Discussion groups include mailing lists, newsgroups, and chat groups.
Mailing lists
This allows members to communicate by sending messages to a list address.
Each message is then copied and sent via e-mail to every member of the mailing list.
To participate in a mailing list, you must first subscribe by sending an e-mail request to the mailing list subscription address.
Figure 7: Below is the Popular Mailing List:
DESCRIPTION
SUBSCRIPTIONADDRESS
Music and bands
dbird@netinfo.com.au
Movies
moviereview@cuenet.com
Jokes
Jokeaday.com
Travel
tourbus@listserv.aol.com
Once you are a member of a list, you can expect to receive e-mail from others on the list.
You may find the number of messages to be overwhelming.
If you want to cancel a mailing list, send an e-mail request to "unsubscribe" to the subscription address.
Newsgroups
Unlike mailing lists, use a special network of computers called the UseNet.
Each of these computers maintains the news group listing.
There are over 10,000 different newsgroups organized into major topic areas that are further subdivided into subtopics.
Contributions to a particular newsgroup are sent to one of the computers on the UseNet.
This computer saves the messages on its system and periodically shares all its recent messages with the other computers on the UseNet.
Unlike mailing lists, a copy of each message is not sent to each member of a list.
Rather, interested individuals check contributions to a particular newsgroup, reading only those of interest.
There are thousands of news- groups covering a wide variety of topic areas.
Figure 8: Popular Newsgroups
Description
Newsgroups
aerobics fitness
Misc.ftness.aerobic
Cinema
Rec.arts.movies
Mountain biking
Rec.bicycles.off-road
Music
Rec.misic.hip-hop
Clip art
Alt.binaries.cli-art
Chat groups
Like IM, allow direct live communication.
Unlike IM, chat groups typically connect individuals who have never met face-to-face.
To participate, you join a chat group, select a channel or topic, and communicate live with others by typing words on your computer.
Other members of your channel immediately see those words on their computers and can respond in the same manner.
One popular chat service is called Internet Relay Chat (IRC).
This software is available free from several locations on the Internet.
Using the chat-client software, you log on to the server, select a channel or topic in which you are interested, and begin chatting.
To participate, you need access to a server or computer that supports IRC. This is done using special chat-client software.
Before you submit a contribution to a discussion group, it is recommended that you observe or read the communications from others.
This is called LURKING. By lurking, you can learn about the culture of a discussion group.
For example, you can observe the level and style of the discussions.
You may decide that a particular discussion group is not what you were looking for-in which case, unsubscribe.
If the discussions are appropriate and you wish to participate, try to fit into the prevailing culture.
Step 7: Key Point (10 minutes)
The internet is the actual physical network. It is made up of wires, cables, and satellites. Being connected to this network is often described as being online. The internet connects millions of computers and resources throughout the world.
The web is a multimedia interface to resources available on the internet. Every day over a billion users from every country in the world use the internet.
E-mail (electronic mail) is the transmission of electronic messages. Basic elements: header (including addresses, subject, and attachments), message, and signature line. Spam is unwanted and unsolicited e-mail that may include a computer virus. Anti-spam programs (junk mail filters, spam blockers) identify and eliminate spam.
Instant Messaging
Instant messaging (1M) extends e-mail to support live communication with friends (buddies or contacts). Universal instant messengers support communication with other services.
Step 8: Evaluation (5 minutes)
What are types of internet communication?
What is the difference between the internet and the Web?
What are the most common uses of the Internet and the Web?
Step 9: Assignment (10 minutes)
Activity: Take home Assignment (10 minutes)
DIVIDE students in groups or individual.
ASK the students to work on the following assignment
Create e-mail account
ALLOCATE time for students to do the assignment and submit
REFER students to recommended references
Reference
Bott, E. & Siechert, C.(2001). Microsoft Windows XP Inside Out. Microsoft Press
Herniter, M.E. (2000). Personal computer fundamentals for students, hardware windows 2000 Application (2nd ed). Prentice Hall.
Joos, I. Whitman, N. Smith, M. Nelson, R. et al. (2006). Introduction to computers for healthcare professionals (4th ed). Barb Mews: London.
Morris, M. & Charles, M. (2003). Logol Computer Designer Fundamentals. Prentice Hall.
University: Boston Burr Ridge.
Sagman, S. (1999), Microsoft Office 2000 for Windows: Visual Quick Start Guide. Peachpit Press The Basics of the Word Window. Retrieved from www.gcflearnfree.org/computer/
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