Common Disorders of Endocrine System
Session 33: Common Disorders of Endocrine System
Total Session Time: 60 minutes
Prerequisites
Learning Tasks
By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Resources Needed:
SESSION OVERVIEW
|Step |Time |Activity/ |Content |
| | |Method | |
|1 |05 minutes |Presentation |Introduction, Learning Tasks |
|2 |10 minutes |Presentation |Definition and types of Common |
| | |buzzing |Disorders of Endocrine System |
|3 | |Presentation |Common Disorders of Endocrine System|
| |35minutes |Small Group | |
| | |Discussion | |
|4 |05 minutes |Presentation |Key Points |
| 5 |05 minutes |Presentation |Evaluation |
SESSION CONTENTS
STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)
READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify
ASK students if they have any questions before continuing
STEP 2: Definition and Types of Common Disorders of Endocrine System
(10minutes)
|Activity: Buzzing (5 minutes) |
| |
|ASK students to pair up and buzz on the following question for 2 |
|minutes |
| |
|What are endocrine system disorders |
|What are the types of common disorders of endocrine system? |
| |
|ALLOW few pairs to respond and let other pairs to add on points not |
|mentioned |
| |
|WRITE their response on the flip chart/board |
| |
|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below |
Common disorders of endocrine system:
Endocrine disorders may be subdivided into three groups:
Types of common disorders of endocrine system
o Dwarfism
o Giantism (Gigantism)
o Goiter
o Cretinism
o Myxedema
o Grave’s disease
o Cushing’s syndrome
STEP 2: Common Disorders of Endocrine System (35minutes)
|Activity: Small Group Discussion ( 30 minutes) |
| |
|DIVIDE students into small manageable groups |
| |
|ASK students to discuss on the following question |
|What are the common disorders of endocrine system? |
| |
|ALLOW students to discuss for 15 minutes |
| |
|ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not mentioned |
| |
|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the contents below |
Disorders of the Growth hormone:
o Hypo secretion of GH results in pituitary dwarfism, in which the
person mayattain a final height of only 3 to 4 feet but will have
normal body proportions.
o Growth hormone can now be produced using genetic engineering and may
be used to stimulate growth in children with this disorder
o Is the hyper secretion of growth hormone
o The long bones grow excessively and the person may attain a height
of 8 feet.
o In adults, the hyper secretion of growth hormone due to pituitary
tumour can result to acromegaly, a condition where by the long bones
cannot grow due to closure of epiphyseal discs.
Disorders of the thyroxine
o It is caused by dietary deficiency of iodine
o In an attempt to produce more thyroxine, the thyroid cells become
enlarged, and hence the thyroid gland enlarges and becomes visible
on the front of the neck.
o It is a condition of hypo secretion of thyroxine in new born
o It retards both physical and mental development.
o It is a condition of hypo secretion of thyroxine in adults
o This decreases metabolic rate and hence general body weakness
o This is autoimmune disease which result to hypersecretion of
thyroxine hormone
Diabetes Mellitus
o Type 1 is called insulin-dependent diabetes and its onset is usually
in childhood (juvenile onset).
of Langerhans and a complete lack of insulin
o Type 2 is called non–insulin-dependent diabetes, and its onset is
usually later in life (maturity onset).
of a loss of insulin receptors on cell membranes.
overweight. Control may not require insulin, but rather medications
that enable insulin to react with the remaining membrane receptors.
Disorders of the adrenal cortex
o Itis a result of hypo secretion of the adrenal cortical hormones.
o Atrophy of the adrenal cortex decreases both cortisol and
aldosterone secretion.
o Deficiency of cortisol is characterized by hypoglycaemia, decreased
gluconeogenesis, and depletion of glycogen in the liver.
physiological stress.
o Aldosterone deficiency leads to retention of potassium and excretion
of sodium and water in urine.
pressure.
o Itis a result of hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex, primarily
cortisol.
o The cause may be a pituitary tumour that increases ACTH secretion or
a tumour of the adrenal cortex itself.
o Excessive cortisol promotes fat deposition in the trunk of the body,
while the extremities remain thin.
o The skin becomes thin and fragile, and healing after injury is slow.
STEP 3: Key Points (5 minutes)
secretion of thyroxine
cortical hormones.
cortex, primarily cortisol.
STEP 4: Evaluation (5 minutes)
References
Kumar, A. et al (2004). Robbins Basic Pathology. WB: Saunders.
Spector, T.D. & Axford, J. S. (1999). Introduction to General
Pathology. Edinburgh:
Seeley, R. R., Stephens, T. D.& Tate, P. (2003). Anatomy and Physiology.
New York:
McGraw-Hill
Shier, A., Butler, J., & Lewis, R. (2004). Hole’s Human Anatomy &
Physiology. New York:
McGraw-Hill
Standring, S. (2008). Grays’s Anatomy The anatomical basis of clinical
practice. United
Kingdom: Churchill Livingstone Elservier.
Thibodeau, G. A., & Patton, K. T. (1999). Anatomy & Physiology. Saint
Louis: Mosby,
Von Hoffman Press, Inc.
Tortora, G.J & Derrickson, B (2009). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology
12th Edition,
USA, John Wiley & Sons Inc, USA
Walter, J.B, & Talbot, I. C. (1996). General Pathology. New York: Churchill
Livingstone
Waugh, A. & Grant, A. (2006). Ross and Willson Anatomy and physiology in
Health and
illness. United Kingdom: Churchill Livingstone Elservier
.
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