Identification of Patients with Diabetes
Session 36: Identification of Patients with Diabetes
Total Session Time: 120 minutes + 2 hours Assignment
Prerequisites
Learning Tasks
By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Resources Needed:
SESSION OVERVIEW
|Step |Time |Activity/ |Content |
| | |Method | |
|1 |05 minutes |Presentation |Introduction, Learning Tasks |
|2 |10 minutes |Presentation |Causes of Diabetes |
| | |Brainstorming | |
|3 |10 minutes |Presentation |Types of Diabetes |
|4 |30 minutes |Presentation |Major Signs and symptoms of |
| | |Buzzing |Diabetes |
|5 |20 minutes |Presentation |Treatment of Diabetes |
|6 |30 minutes |Presentation |Prevention and Control of Diabetes |
| | |Small group | |
| | |discussion | |
|7 |05 minutes |Presentation |Key Points |
|8 |05 minutes |Presentation |Evaluation |
|9 |05 minutes |Presentation |Assignment |
SESSION CONTENTS
STEP1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)
READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify
ASK students if they have any questions before continuing
STEP 2: Causes of Diabetes (10 minutes)
|Activity: Brainstorming (5 minutes) |
| |
|ASK students to brainstorm on the following question: |
| |
|What causes diabetes? |
| |
|ALLOW few students to respond |
| |
|WRITE their responses on the flip chart/ board |
| |
|CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below |
manifestation due to;
o Insulin deficiency or
o Insulin resistance
interaction of genetics, environmental factors and life-style choices
o Reduced insulin secretion
o Decreased glucose usage, and
o Increased glucose production
STEP 3: Types of Diabetes (10 minutes)
There are three main types of diabetes mellitus:
o This form was previously referred to as "insulin-dependent diabetes
mellitus" (IDDM) or "juvenile diabetes".
o The cause is unknown
to respond to insulin properly.
o As the disease progresses a lack of insulin may develop
o This form was previously referred to as "non insulin-dependent
diabetes mellitus" (NIDDM) or "adult-onset diabetes"
o The primary cause is excessive body weight
o Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
diabetes)
women without a previous history of diabetes develop a high blood
sugar level.
STEP 4: Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes (30 minutes)
|Activity: Buzzing (5 minutes) |
| |
|ASK students to pair up and buzz on the following question for 2 |
|minutes |
| |
|What are the signs and symptoms of diabetes? |
| |
|ALLOW few pairs to respond and let other pairs to add on points not |
|mentioned |
| |
|WRITE their response on the flip chart/board |
| |
|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below |
Clinical features of DM depend on the severity of disease and its
complications. They include:
[pic]
Figure 36.1: Main symptoms of diabetes
STEP 5: Treatment of Diabetes (20 minutes)
Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Insulin is required
o Fast-acting: Includes the insulin analogues aspart, lispro,
and glulisine.
to 4 hours.
o Short-acting: Includes regular insulin
hours.
o Intermediate-acting: Includes NPH insulin
o Long acting: Includes the analogues glargine and detemir,
o Begins working within 1 to 2 hours and continue to be active, without
major peaks or dips, for about 24 hours, although this varies in many
individuals.
o Ultra-long acting: Currently only includes the analogue degludec,
for greater than 24 hours
o Combination insulin products – Includes a combination
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
o Biguanides; e.g. Metformin
o Sulfonylureas,
Glyburide
60)
o Thiazolidinediones e.g Rosiglitazone
STEP 6: Prevention of Diabetes (30 minutes)
|Activity: Group discussion (30 minutes) |
| |
|DIVIDEstudents into small manageable groups |
| |
|ASK students to discuss on the following question |
| |
|What are the preventive measures of diabetes? |
| |
|ALLOW students to discuss for 15 minutes |
| |
|ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not mentioned |
| |
|WRITE their response on the flip chart/board |
| |
|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below |
exercise daily (this can be walking).
such as:
o Renal impairment
o Higher risk of ocular damage
o Increased risk of heart attack
o Neuropathy
responsibility for their care including compliance with medications
STEP 7: Key Points (5 minutes)
with hyperglycemia
diabetes
and blurred vision
insulin where as type II requires ant-diabetic medicine
about long term consequences of uncontrolled diabetes
STEP 8: Evaluation (5 minutes)
STEP 9: Assignment (5 minutes)
|Activity: Take Home Assignment (5 minutes) |
| |
|DIVIDE students in groups or individuals |
| |
|ASK the students to work individually on the following Assignment |
|Explain preventive measures that you will take to control diabetes |
|ALLOCATE time for students to do the assignments and submit |
| |
|REFER students to recommended references |
References
Braunwald, E. & Fauci, A.N. (2008).Harrison’s Principles of Internal
Medicine (17thed.). Oxford: McGraw Hill.
Davidson, S. (2006). Principles and Practice of Medicine (20thed.).
Churchill: Livingstone.
Kumar, P.J. & Clark, M. (2006).Textbook of Clinical Medicine. Churchill:
Livingstone.
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