NTA Level 4 • Semester 1 • PST04101

Determining Quantities of Medicine for Dispensing

Dispensing • Source Session/Topic 8

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Session 8: Determining Quantities of Medicine for Dispensing

Total Session Time: 120 minutes + 1 hours Assignment

Prerequisites

• Session 1, 5 and 6

Learning Tasks

By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:

• Interpret Information in the Prescription for Medicine Quantities for

Dispensing

• Determine Quantities of Tablets/Capsules to be Dispensed

• Determine Eye/Ear/Nasal Preparations to be Dispensed

• Determine Quantities of Injectable Medicine to be Dispensed

• Determine Quantities of Ointment/cream to be Dispensed

• Determine Quantities of Syrup to be Dispensed

Resources Needed:

• Flip charts, marker pens, and masking tape

• Black/white board, chalk and whiteboard markers

• Worksheet 8.1: Determine quantities of tablets and capsules to be

dispensed

• Worksheet 8.2: Determine eye/ear/nasal preparations to be dispensed

• Worksheet 8.3: Determine quantities of injectable medicine to be

dispensed

• Worksheet 8.4: Determine quantities of ointment and cream to be dispensed

• Worksheet 8.5: Determine quantities of syrup and solution to be dispensed

SESSION OVERVIEW

SESSION CONTENTS

STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)

READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify

ASK students if they have any questions before continuing.

STEP 2: Interpretations of Information in the Prescription for

Medicine Quantities to be Dispensed (10 minutes)

• Whenever a dispenser is required to dispense medicines, make sure always

to;

• Identifying different information which provides information about

medicines to be dispensed

• Interpret of information of the prescriber so you can get quantities of

medicine to be dispensed

• Example: In a certain prescription of a specific patient the following

medicines were prescribed:

|Paracetamol tabs 1g tds x 5/7 |

|Amoxicillin caps 500mg tds x 5/7 |

Interpretation:

• One Paracetamol tablet has a dosage strength of 500mg, so 1g means 2

tablets of Paracetamol

o Thus calculation is 2 tablets x 3 times a day x 5 days = 30 tablets

of Paracetamol

o Therefore the patient will receive 30 tablets of Paracetamol

• One Amoxicillin capsule has dosage strength of 250mg, so 500mg means 2

capsules

o Thus 2 tablets of Amoxicillin x 3 times a day x 5 days = 30

tablets of Amoxicillin

o Therefore the patient will receive 30 capsules of Amoxicillin

STEP 3: Quantities of Drug to be Dispensed – Tablets and Capsules (20

minutes)

|Activity: Case Study (15 minutes) |

| |

|DIVIDE students into small manageable groups. |

| |

|[pic]REFER students to Worksheet 8.1: Calculating quantities of tablets|

|and capsules |

| |

|READ or ASK one student to read the scenario in the worksheet and |

|CLARIFY |

| |

|ASK all groups to answer the three questions in the worksheet for 15 |

|minutes. |

| |

|ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add on points not |

|mentioned |

| |

|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below |

The Calculations

• A Paracetamol tablet has dosage strength of 500mg, so 1g means 2 tablets

of Paracetamol

o One unit of Paracetamol tablet means one tablet, thus calculation for

the total quantity Paracetamol tablets is 2 tablets x 3 times a day x

5 days = 30 tablets of paracetamol

o Thus dispense total of 30 tablets of paracetamol

• Ampiclox capsule has strength of 500mg, so 500mg means 1 capsule

o One unit of Ampliclox capsule means one capsule.

o Thus total quantity of Ampiclox Capsules to be dispensed is:

1 tablets x 3 times a day x 5 days = 15 capsules

o Therefore dispense a total of 15 capsules of Ampiclox Capsules

STEP 4: Calculation of Quantities of Drug to be Dispensed – Ear and Eye

Preparations (20 minutes)

|Activity: Case Study (15 minutes) |

| |

|DIVIDE students into small manageable groups. |

|[pic]REFER students to Worksheet 8.2: Calculating quantities of ear and|

|eye preparations |

| |

|READ or ASK one student to read the scenario in the worksheet and |

|CLARIFY |

| |

|ASK all groups to answer the three questions in the worksheet for 15 |

|minutes. |

| |

|ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not mentioned |

| |

|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below |

• Information given: Prednisolone Eye drops 0.5% is available in 5ml bottle

and assume 20 drops in 1ml

Calculation for Prednisolone:

o Firstly calculate total number of drops of prednisolone needed in 14 days

as follows:

1drop x 4 times a day x 14 days = 56 drops

o Then calculate number of mLs containing 56 drops of prednisolone

Iml = 20 drops

? mls = 56 drops

= 56 drops/20drops x 1 ml

= 2.8mls

o Dispense one bottle of 5mls of prednisolone.

▪ The patient should discard the remained prednisolone (2.2mls) after

finishing the dose required (2.8ml)

• Information given: Sodium Cromoglycate 2% is available in 5ml bottle.

Assume 20 drops is 1ml

Calculation for Sodium Cromoglycate:

o Firstly calculate total number of drops of Sodium Cromoglycate needed in

90 days as follows:

1drop x 4 times a day x 90 days = 360 drops

o Then calculate number of mLs containing 360 drops

Iml = 20 drops

? mls = 360 drops

= 360 drops/20drops x 1 ml

= 18mls

o Therefore 4 bottles of sodium cromoglycate, each of 5mls will be

dispensed to Ana Kalunde for the total dose of 18ml to be completed,

discarding the remainder

• Information given: Boric Acid Ear drops 0.5% is available in 2ml. Assume

20 drops is 1ml Calculation for Boric Acid:

o Firstly calculate total number of drops of boric acid needed in

7 days as follows:

1drop x 3 times a day x 7 days = 21 drops

o Then calculate number of mLs containing 21 drops of Boric Acid

Iml = 20 drops

? mls = 21 drops

= 21 drops/20drops x 1 ml

= 1.05mls

o Therefore dispense for Benard Sanga 1 bottle of Boric Acid Ear drop

with information that he should discard remaining medicine after 7

days

• Ephedrine Nasal drops 0.5% is available in 2ml. Assume 20 drops is 1ml

Calculation for Ephedrine

o Firstly calculate total number of drops of ephedrine needed in 7 days

as follows:

1drop x 3 times a day x 7 days = 21 drops

o Then calculate number of mLs containing 21 drops of ephedrine

Iml = 20 drops

? mls = 21 drops

= 21 drops/20drops x 1 ml

= 1.05mls

o Therefore, dispense for Hadija Hamis 1 bottle of Ephedrine Nasal drop

with information that he should discard remaining medicine after 7

days

STEP 5: Calculation of Quantities of Drug to be Dispensed-Injectables (20

minutes)

|Activity: Case Study (15 minutes) |

| |

|DIVIDE students into small manageable groups. |

|[pic]REFER students to Worksheet 8.3: Calculating quantities |

|injectables |

| |

|READ or ASK one student to read the scenario in the worksheet and |

|CLARIFY |

| |

|ASK all groups to answer the three questions in the worksheet for 15 |

|minutes. |

| |

|ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not mentioned |

| |

|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below |

• For Diclofenac Injection:

o Information given: One ampoules of 3mls contains 75mg of Diclofenac

injection, But the required prescription is 150mg od for 3 days

o Calculation: 2 ampoules x once daily x 3 days

o 2 ampoules x 1 x 3

o 6 diclofenac ampoules

o Therefore dispense 6 diclofenac ampoules

• For Gentamicin injection:

o Information given: One ampoule of 2ml contains 20mg of Gentamicin

injection

o But required prescription is 40 mg three times daily for five days

o Calculations: 40mg x 3 times daily x 5days

2. ampoules x 3 x 5

= 30 ampoules

Thus dispense 30 ampoules of gentamicin

STEP 6: Calculation of Quantities of Drug to be Dispensed- Ointment and

Cream (20 minutes)

|Activity: Case Study (10 minutes) |

| |

|DIVIDE students into small manageable groups. |

|[pic]REFER students to Worksheet 8.4: Calculating quantities of |

|ointment and cream |

| |

|READ or ASK one student to read the scenario in the worksheet and |

|CLARIFY |

| |

|ASK all groups to answer the two questions in the worksheet for 10 |

|minutes. |

| |

|ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not mentioned |

| |

|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below |

• The Calculations

▪ Clotrimazole Ointment; Assuming the amount to be squeezed out of the

tube for one application is 1g, and

▪ The unit to dispense for Clotrimazole Ointment is a tube of 20g

▪ Thus calculation for Clotrimazole Ointment for a single application

is (1g) × 2 times a day x 7 days = 14g

▪ Therefore the patient will be given 1 tube of Clotrimazole Ointment,

as it contains 20g

STEP 7: Calculation of Quantities of Drug to be Dispensed-Syrup and

Solutions (15 minutes)

|Activity: Case Study (10 minutes) |

| |

|DIVIDE students into small manageable groups. |

|[pic]REFER students to Worksheet 8.5: Calculating quantity of syrup and|

|solutions |

| |

|READ or ASK one student to read the scenario in the worksheet and |

|CLARIFY |

| |

|ASK all groups to answer the three questions in the worksheet for 10 |

|minutes. |

| |

|ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not mentioned |

| |

|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below |

• The Calculations:

▪ Amoxicillin syrup has strength of 125mg/5ml, so 1 teaspoonful =

125mg syrup

▪ Paracetamol syrup has strength of 120mg/5ml, so 1 teaspoonful =

120mg syrup

▪ The unit to dispense for Amoxicillin syrup is a bottle of granules

to be reconstituted to 100ml and a unit to dispense for Paracetamol

syrup is a bottle of 100ml syrup

▪ Thus calculation for Amoxicillin syrup is 5ml x 3 times a day x 5

days = 75ml and

▪ Calculation for Paracetamol syrup is 5ml x 3 times a day x 5 days

= 75ml

▪ Therefore Pack for patient 1 bottle of reconstituted Amoxicillin

syrup and 1 bottle of Paracetamol syrup

STEP 8: Key Points (5 minutes)

• In order to determine the quantities of medicines to be dispensed, it is

important to understand the information which provided in a prescription

that provides information about medicines to be dispensed

• The information must be interpreted correctly to lead a dispenser to

correct calculation to get quantities of medicine to be dispensed

• The quantities to be dispensed are determined through correct calculation

as given in different scenario done in this session

STEP 9: Evaluation (5 minutes)

• What are the information that will determine the total quantity of

tablets and capsules to be dispensed?

• What are the information that will determine the total quantity of

ear/eye/nasal preparations to be dispensed?

• What are the information that will determine the total quantity of

injectables to be dispensed?

• What are the information that will determine the total quantity of creams

and ointments to be dispensed?

References

Ansel, H. C. (2010). Pharmaceutical Calculations (13th ed.). Philadelphia,

United States: LWW

Cooper, J. W., Gunn, C., & Carter, S. J. (2008). Cooper and Gunn's

dispensing for pharmaceutical students (12th ed.). New Delhi, India:

CBS.

FMHACA of Ethiopia (2012). Manual for Medicine Good Dispensing practices.

(2nd ed.). Ethiopia

|[pic] |Worksheet 8.1: Calculating Quantities of Tablets and |

| |Capsules to be Dispensed |

|Scenario: |

|A patient Called Juma Said brought a prescription at a dispensing |

|pharmacy which was written as follows;- |

|Ampiclox Caps 500mg tds 5/7 |

|Paracetamol Tabs 1g tds 5/7 |

Students Leaning Tasks

By the end of the case study activity, students are expected to:

• Interpret the information given in a prescription

• Make decision of a unit to be dispensed that implies the correct amount

• Calculate the total quantities of medicine to be dispensed

Questions

1. What is the total Ampiclox capsules should be dispensed?

___________________________________________________________

2. What is the total Paracetamol tablets should be dispensed?

___________________________________________________________

3. What dispensing unit will you dispense for Juma Said?

___________________________________________________________

|[pic] |Worksheet 8.2: Calculating Quantities of Eye/Ear/Nasal to be|

| |Dispensed |

|Scenario: |

|A patient Called Anna Kalunde brought a prescription at a dispensing |

|pharmacy which was written as follows;- |

|1 gtt Predinisolone 0.5% qid BE 2/52 |

|1 gtt Sodium Cromoglycate 2% qid BE 3/12 |

| |

|Another patient Called Benard Sanga brought a prescription at a |

|dispensing pharmacy which was written as follows;- |

|1 gtt Boric Acid 0.5% aur.dextr tds 7/7 |

| |

|Another patient Called Hadija Hamis brought a prescription at a |

|dispensing pharmacy which was written as follows;- |

|1 gtt Ephedrine 0.5% ad.aur tds 7/7 |

Students Leaning Tasks

By the end of the case study activity, student will be able to:

• Interpret the information given in a prescription

• Make decision of a unit to be dispensed that implies the correct amount

of medicine.

• Calculate the total quantities of medicine to be dispensed

Questions

1. What is the amount of Predinisolone and Sodium Cromoglycate eye drops

should be dispensed?

___________________________________________________________

2. What is the amount of Boric Acid Ear drops and Ephedrine Nasal drops

should be dispensed?

___________________________________________________________

3. What dispensing unit will you dispense for Anna Kalunde, Benard Sanga

and Hadija Hamis?

___________________________________________________________

|[pic] |Worksheet 8.3: Calculating Quantities of Injectables to be |

| |Dispensed |

|Scenario: |

|A Nurse has a file of patient Called Mwanaisha Kilimo with a |

|prescription written as follows;- |

|Diclofenac 150mg od x3/7 |

|Gentamycine 40mg x tds5/7 |

|(you have Diclofenac ampule 75mg/3mil, Gentamycine 20mg/2mil) |

Students Leaning Tasks

By the end of the case study activity, student will be able to:

• Interpret the information given in a prescription

• Make decision of a unit to be dispensed that implies the correct amount

of medicine.

• Calculate the total quantities of medicine to be dispensed

Questions

4. What is the total amount of Diclofenac injection should be dispensed?

___________________________________________________________

5. What is the total amount of Gentamycine injection should be dispensed?

___________________________________________________________

6. What dispensing unit will you dispense for Mwanaisha Kilimo?

___________________________________________________________

|[pic] |Worksheet 8.4: Calculating Quantities of Ointments and |

| |Creams to be Dispensed |

|Scenario: |

|A patient Called Jumanne John brought a prescription at a dispensing |

|pharmacy which was written as follows;- |

|Apply Clotrimazole Ointment b.d 7/7 |

Students Leaning Tasks

By the end of the case study activity, student will be able to:

• Interpret the information given in a prescription

• Make decision of a unit to be dispensed that implies the correct amount

of medicine.

• Calculate the total quantities of medicine to be dispensed

Questions

1. What is the total amount of Clotrimazole Ointment should be dispensed?

___________________________________________________________

2. What dispensing unit will you dispense for Jumanne John?

___________________________________________________________

|[pic] |Worksheet 8.5: Calculating Quantities of Syrups and |

| |Solutions to be Dispensed |

|Scenario: |

|A Mother with a child called Anisha Juma brought a prescription at a |

|dispensing pharmacy which was written as follows;- |

|Amoxicillin Syp 5 ml tds 5/7 |

|Paracetamol Syp 5 ml tds 5/7 |

Students Leaning Tasks

By the end of the case study activity, student will be able to:

• Interpret the information given in a prescription

• Make decision of a unit to be dispensed that implies the correct amount

of medicine.

• Calculate the total quantities of medicine to be dispensed

Questions

1. What is the total amount of Amoxicillin syrup should be dispensed?

___________________________________________________________

2. What is the total of Paracetamol syrup should be dispensed?

___________________________________________________________

3. What dispensing unit will you dispense for Anisha Juma?

___________________________________________________________

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