Radiographic Procedure of the Knee Joint

RADIOGRAPHIC PROCEDURE OF KNEE JOINT:

ANATOMY

• Joint-Is point where two bones meet.
• Knee joint- is the complex joint that connect femur to the tibia

The example is hinge joint.

INDICATION

INDICATION-Refers to specific reason or conditions that warrant a treatment related to the knee joint.

THOSE INDICATIONS ON THE KNEE JOINT INCLUDES:

• TRAUMA( causes direct impact like fall, accident)
• Examples of trauma are ligament tears, dislocation , fractures.
• PATHOLOGICAL CONDITION:EXAMPLE Arthritis, ligament tear, and osteoarthritis.

FOLLOW UP

RADIOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT BY SIMON

The essential devices and tools used in radiography to produce image for diagnosis and treatment :The equipment that can be used are:

• X-ray machine
• X-rays detectors(Digital and film detectors)
• X-ray generator
• Control panel(collimators)
• Immobilize device

Lead shielding material

X-RAY MACHINE

X-RAY DETECTOR

A. Film detector B. Digital detector

COLLIMATION

Lead shielding material.

PATIENT PREPARATION BY YUNGE

• Patient preparation can be done:
• PHYSICALLY-The removal of material which can cause art crafts.
• PSYCHOLOGICALLY-To prepare the patient mindset before, during, and after examination.

PHYSIOLOGICALLY-To know the patient background and his or her current situation.

PATIENT POSITION BY ANETH

• During knee x-ray examination the following position are considered.

Anteroposterior(AP)-Patient lying supine Lateral position-The knee is flexed at about (20-30) degrees with the patient lying of their side.

Oblique-Leg rotated (20-30) degrees internally or externally.

ANTEROPOSTERIOR(AP)

LATERAL VIEW

OBLIQUE VIEW

CENTERING POINT BY IBRAHIM

• Centering point during knee x-ray examination
• The midpoint of the joint- point between medial and lateral point.

The joint between patella and femur(patellofemoral joint)

PATELLOFEMORAL

CENTRAL RAY DIRECTION BY MWAJUMA

For lateral knee x-rays –central ray is directed perpendicular to the film at the medial condyle of the femur.

For anterior posterior(AP) knee x-ray-The central ray is directed perpendicular to the film at the midpoint of the knee joint below the patella apex-( tibiopatello joint )

CENTERING RAY

SPECIAL FEATURES/COLLIMATION BY CATHERINE

Collimation-Is a process of reducing x-ray beam.

During knee x-ray examination collimation is essential to minimize radiation exposure and enhance image quality by adjusting the lead aperture of the x-ray tube.

EXAMPLES IN:

• .AP View-From the distal femur to the proximal tibia

.Lateral view –Include the femoral condyles and the tibial plateau

RADIATION PROTECTION BY OSCAR

Radiation protection-The measures to ensure patient and staff safety from radiation exposure.

• The following are methods/ways for radiation protection:
• Lead shielding-example use of lead apron.
• Collimation-Collimate the x-ray beam to the area of interests by using adjusting panels.
• Distance-Maintain a safe distance from the x-ray source example Focal field distance(FFD)

Use of ALARA principle.

AFTER CARE BY KENETHY

1.Patient education-provide information for immediate medical attention example increase in swelling 2.Post procedure instruction-Inform the patient about follow up steps or results wait in time

EVALUATION BY JOHN

1.Image review-review the x-rays images for clarity and completeness 2.Bone integrity -Look for fractures or signs of osteoporosis(condition of bone to be soft due to lack of calcium) 3.Patellar position-check for signs of dislocation.

4.Assessment of alignment-Evaluate the alignment of a femur ,tibia and fibula for any signs of valgus deformities.

ANATOMY

• Knee joint- is the complex joint that connect femur to the tibia

The example is hinge joint.

INDICATION

• Indication may be :
• TRAUMA( causes direct impact like fall, accident)
• Examples of trauma are ligament tears, dislocation , fractures.
• PATHOLOGICAL CONDITION:EXAMPLE Arthritis , gout.

FOLLOW UP

CENTRAL RAY DIRECTION BY MWAJUMA

For lateral knee x-rays –central ray is directed perpendicular to the film at the medial condyle of the femur.

For anterior posterior(AP) knee x-ray-The central ray is directed perpendicular to the film at the midpoint of the knee joint( 1cm below the patella apex-tibiopatello joint )

CENTERING POINT

SPECIAL FEATURES/COLLIMATION BY IBRAHIM

During knee x-ray examination collimation is essential to minimize radiation exposure and enhance image quality 1.AP View-From the distal femur to the proximal tibia 2.Lateral view –Include the femoral condyles and the tibial plateau

EVALUATION BY JOHN

1.Image review-review the x-rays images for clarity and completeness 2.Bone intergrity-Look for fractures or signs of osteoporosis(condition of bone to be soft due to lack of calcium) 3.Patellar position-check for signs od dislocation.

4.Assessment of alignment-Evaluate the alignment of a femur ,tibia and fibula for any signs of valgus deformities.