Disorders Of Female Reproductive System

Common Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:

Define Female Reproductive Disorder

• List Common Disorders of the Female Reproductive System.

Explain the Common Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

Definition and Types of Female Reproductive Disorder

What are the female reproductive disorder

Female reproductive disorder

Its infections that affect the reproductive tract which is part of the Reproductive System.

Reproductive tract infections can be in either the upper reproductive tract (fallopian tubes, ovary and uterus), and the lower reproductive tract (vagina, cervix and vulva)

List common disorders of the female reproductive system.

• Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
• Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
• Endometriosis
• Breast cancer
• Ovarian cancer
• Cervical cancer

Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

• Gonorrhoea
• Syphilis

Genital Herpes

Genital Warts

Common Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

What are common disorders of the female reproductive system?

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

It is a cyclical disorder of severe physical and emotional distress.

Disorders Of Female Reproductive System

It may be presented by oedema, weight gain, breast swelling and tenderness, abdominal distension, backache, joint pain, constipation, skin eruptions, fatigue and lethargy, greater need for sleep, depression or anxiety

Getting regular exercise, avoiding caffeine, salt, and alcohol may bring relief

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) It is a more severe syndrome in which PMS-like signs and symptoms do not resolve after the onset of menstruation.

Endometriosis

• Is characterized by the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus.
• It can cause inflammation, pain, scarring, and infertility.

Symptoms include premenstrual pain or unusually severe menstrual pain.

Breast cancer

• Generally is not painful until it becomes quite advanced

Any lump, no matter how small, should be reported to a physician at once

Disorders Of Female Reproductive System

Among the factors that increase the risk of developing breast cancer is a family history of breast cancer, null parity (never having borne a child) or having a first child after age 35, previous cancer in one breast, exposure to ionizing radiation, such as x-rays, excessive alcohol intake and cigarette smoking.

Ovarian cancer

Risk factors associated with ovarian cancer include age (over age 50), race (whites are at highest risk), family history of ovarian cancer, more than 40 years of active ovulation, null parity, a high-fat and low-fibre

Cervical cancer

Starts with cervical dysplasia; a change in the shape, growth, and number of cervical cells.

The cells may either return to normal or progress to cancer.

Increased risk is associated with having a large number of sexual partners, having first intercourse at a young age and smoking cigarettes.

Vulvo-vaginal Candidiasis

Candida albicans commonly grows on mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts.

It is the most common form of vaginitis inflammation of the vagina.

Candidiasis is characterized by severe itching, a thick, yellow and cheesy discharge, a yeasty odour and pain.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

• A sexually transmitted disease (STD) is one that is spread by sexual contact.
• It is in both male and female reproductive systems
• Chlamydia

Is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis

Disorders Of Female Reproductive System

In males, urethritis is the principal result, causing a clear discharge, burning on urination, frequent urination, and painful urination.

In 70% of females with chlamydia, symptoms are absent, but chlamydia is the leading cause of pelvic inflammatory disease.

Gonorrhoea

• Gonorrhoea is caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
• Males usually experience urethritis with profuse pus drainage and painful urination.

Complication: salpingitis can cause infertility

In females, infection typically occurs in the vagina, often with a discharge of pus

Up to 50% of infected females may harbour the disease without any symptoms

Syphilis

Syphilis, caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, is transmitted through sexual contact or exchange of blood, or through the placenta to a foetus.

Disorders Of Female Reproductive System

In primary stage, there may be a painless sores called chancre and a signs and symptoms such as a skin rash, fever, and aches in the joints and muscles usher in the secondary stage

Genital Herpes

Genital herpes is an incurable STD.

Type II herpes simplex virus causes genital infections, producing painful blisters on the prepuce, glans penis, and penile shaft in males and on the vulva or sometimes high up in the vagina in females.

The blisters disappear and reappear in most patients, but the virus itself remains in the body

Genital Warts

• Warts are an infectious disease caused by viruses.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes genital warts, which is commonly transmitted sexually.

Disorders Of Female Reproductive System

Patients with a history of genital warts may be at increased risk for cancers of the cervix, vagina, anus, vulva, and penis.

There is no cure for genital warts.

Key points

Severe physical and emotional distress can cause premenstrual syndrome.

Cigarette smoking and excess alcohol taking are the main causes of many cancers including those of the female reproductive system.

child bearing at older age, earlier sexual intercourse and multiple partners as may cause cancers of the female reproductive system.

Evaluation

• Define female reproductive disorder
• List common disorders of the female reproductive system.

What are the causative agents of syphilis and gonorrhoea?