Communication & Counselling Skills – 4. Speech and hearing disabilities
Read the complete lesson in an organized slide-by-slide format. This topic contains 39 learning sections from the source presentation.
LESSON CONTENTS — 39 SECTIONS
EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION IN INTERACTING WITH PEOPLE WITH SPEECH AND HEARING DISABILITIES
SESSION 4
13 November 2023
1
Learning objectives:
Learning objectives
At the end of this session, student should be able to
- Define speech disabilities
- Define hearing disabilities
- List communication strategies used in interacting with people with hearing disability.
- List communication strategies used interacting with people with speech disability
- Demonstrate communication skills to interact with client with hearing disability
- Demonstrate communication skills to interact with clients with speech disability
- 13 November 2023
- 2
Definition of terms
A speech impairment/disability is a condition in which the ability to produce speech sounds that are necessary to communicate with others is impaired.
Speech impairments can be mild, such as occasionally mispronouncing a couple of words, to severe, such as not being able to produce speech sounds at all.
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Characteristics and Types of Speech Impairments
There are three types of speech impairments, each with their own set of characteristics:
Articulation disorders
Fluency disorders
Voice disorders
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Articulation disorders
Are characterized by the distortion or absence of speech sounds.
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Examples of articulation disorder
‘spaghetti’ as ‘thaghetti.’
DOZE for THOSE
‘ap’ for APPLE
‘ger-een’ for GREEN
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Fluency disorders
Also known as disfluency, are characterized by an interruption or break in the normal flow of speech, such as stuttering. Eg I w-w-w-w-w-w- want a drink
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Cont…
A person may say the whole word or parts of the word more than once, or pause awkwardly between words, or may speak fast and jam words together or say ‘uh’ often.
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Voice disorders
Are characterized by impairments in the voice, including loudness, vocal quality, and pitch.
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Cont…
For example, throat cancer can decrease the quality and pitch of your voice and make it difficult for others to understand you.
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Causes of Speech Impairments
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Speech
Highly evolved function of cerebral cortex
The human faculty by which thought process are symbolically expressed
Is the vocalization form of human communication
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Components of speech
Language production
Pronunciation
Articulation
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PROCESS OF SPEECH
ABNORMALITIES
HEARING
UNDERSTANDING
THOUGHT & WORD PROCESSING
VOICE PRODUCTION
ARTICULATION
DEAFNESS
APHASIA
DYSPHONIA
DYSARTHRIA
communication strategies used in interacting with people with speech disabilities
Be patient
Politely request a person to repeat a statement if you do not understand it
Do not interrupt, attempt to answer for him/her, or finish their thoughts
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Cont…
Sometimes, you can use pen or paper
Ask questions that require only short answer
Be honest if you do not understand what’s been said
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Challenge in communicating with speech disabilities
Not say sounds
Difficulty in forming words/sounds correctly
Difficulty with making words or sentences
Language delay
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Cont…
Difficulty in understanding the meaning of the sounds.
Stuttering (stamming) – repetition and a struggle to get words out
Understanding language disorders
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Cont…
Feels shame, embarrassed, frustrations, anger and depression as a result of speech ( psychosocial disorder)
Isolation
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Communication skills to interact with clients with speech disability
Be patient-give the other person more time
Check you have their attention before talking
Reduce background noise and distructions
Use short sentences and familiar words
Emphasise the key word or phrase
Speak clearly and slowly and use an appropriate
Tone of voice
Check hearing aids and glasses are being worn
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Hearing disability/impairment
A hearing disability/impairment is any hearing loss that prevents someone from receiving all of the sounds they normally would through the ear.
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Cont…
If the loss is mild, the person may have difficulty hearing faint or distant speech.
If the loss is moderate, a person may have difficulty hearing speech in complex sound situations.
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Cont…
If the loss is severe, a person may have difficulty hearing speech clearly.
If a loss is profound, a person may have difficulty hearing speech at all.
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Types of hearing loss
Conductive Hearing Loss: is caused by diseases or obstructions in the outer or middle ear that usually affect all frequencies of hearing.
Some conductive hearing losses can be temporary (caused by otitis media), chronic or long term.
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The only treatment for sensorineural hearing loss at present is hearing aids.
Sensorineural Hearing Loss: – results from some damage to the inner ear (cochlea). The loss can range from mild to profound and often affects certain frequencies more than others.
The only treatment for sensorineural hearing loss at present is hearing aids.
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Cont…
Cont…
Mixed Hearing Loss: is a mix of both conductive and sensorineural hearing losses that occur in both the inner and outer or middle ear.
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communication strategies used in interacting with people with hearing disability
Make sure that you speak with them face to face.
Find a quiet place where you can talk.
Speak naturally.
Create a friendly atmosphere.
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Cont…
Rephrase words that are misunderstood.
Make use of gestures.
Don’t speak loud.
Avoid talking too rapidly or using sentences that are too complex
Keep your hands away from your face while talking
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Challenges in communication with hearing disabilities
Have no sense of hearing
Have learning difficulties
Have reduced access to services and difficult to communicate with others
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Cont…
Have emotional problems caused by a drop in self esteem and confidence
Frustrations, exhaustion, depression, isolation
Ignored by people
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Cont…
Dependant on a family – as they get economically and emotional support from the family
Social stigma
Language difficulties
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Cont…
Inadequate knowledge and awareness
Social concerns – feels uncomfortable in the society
Higher risk for depression and anxiety (un employment)
Difficult life
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Communication skills to interact with clients with hearing disability
Get their attention-before starting conversation make sure you have their attention by saying their name or gently touching their arm.
Speak clearly and at a moderate pace-do this but don’t shout. Shouting can distort your words and make it harder for someone with hearing loss to understand you.
Face the person-face the person direct and maintain eye contact this will help to read your facial expressions and body language which can provide important context to what you are saying.
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Cont……
Use visual aids-such as written notes or gestures can help to clarify what you are saying and reinforce your message.
Minimize background noise- such as music or television which can make it harder for someone with hearing loss to understand you.
Be patient-it may take little longer to communicate with someone with hearing loss but taking the time with clients will make better understand.
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