PST04107 Basic Computer Applications

NTA Level 4 • Semester 1 • PST04107 Introduction to Basic Computers Basic Computer Applications • Source Session/Topic 1 Full source-text version: all educational wording from the extracted learning source is retained; only presenter/tutor metadata and web-layout noise are removed, while formatting is improved for readability. Session 1: Introduction to Basic Computers Total Session Time: 60minutes +120 minutes Practical Prerequisites None Learning Tasks By the end of this session students are expected to be able to: Define the Term ‘Computer’ Classify Types of Computers Explain the History of the Personal Computers Explain the Uses of Computer Identify Computer Parts and Connect Parts Explain Keyboard Layout Perform Turn on and Shut Down of Computer Resources Needed Flip charts, marker pens, and masking tape Black/white board and chalk/whiteboard markers Computer LCD projector SESSION OVERVIEW Step Time Activity/ Method Content 1 05 minutes Presentation Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks 2 10 minutes Presentation, Brainstorming Definition of Computer 3 20 minutes Presentation Classification of Types of Computers 4 15 minutes Presentation History of Personal Computers 5 10 minutes Presentation Buzzing Uses of Computer 6 45 minutes Presentation Demonstration Computer Parts and Connection 7 45 minutes Presentation Keyboard Layout 8 20 minutes Presentation Turn on and Shut Down Computer 9 05 minutes Presentation Key Points 10 05 minutes Presentation Evaluation SESSION CONTENT Step 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes) READ or ASK student to read the learning objectives and clarify. ASK students if they have any questions before continuing. Step 2: Definition of Computer (10 minutes) Activity: Brainstorming (5 minutes) Ask students to brainstorm on the following question: What is the term ‘computer’ means? ALLOW few students to respond WRITE their responses on the flip chart/ board CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below Meaning of Computer Computer An electronic device that can follow instruction to accept input, process that input and produce information It can also simply be defined as an electronic machine that takes data, stores it, processes that data and produces information. (Data can be defined as unprocessed facts and processing data gives information) The Two Principal Characteristics of a Computer Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner Can execute a pre-recorded list of instructions (a program) Step 3: Classification of Types of Computers (20 minutes) Computers can be classified by using Size and Power as follows: Workstation computers A powerful, single-user computer A workstation is like a personal computer, but it has a more powerful microprocessor and a higher-quality monitor Minicomputer A multi-user computer capable of supporting from 10 to hundreds of users simultaneously Mainframe computer A powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting many hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously Supercomputer An extremely fast computer that can perform hundreds of millions of instructions per second Personal Computer Personal computer (PC) is a small, relatively inexpensive computer designed for an individual user classified by size and portability Desktop Computers Laptops or notebooks Personal Digital Assistants Portable Computers Tablet Computers Wearable Computers Cell Phones All are based on the microprocessor technology that enables manufacturers to put an entire Central Processing Unit (CPU) on one chip The principal characteristics of personal computers are that they are single-user systems and are based on microprocessors Although personal computers are designed as single-user systems, it is common to link them together to form a network In terms of power, there is great variety At the high end, the distinction between personal computers and workstations has faded High-end models of the Macintosh and PC offer the same computing power and graphics capability as low-end workstations by Sun Microsystems, Hewlett-Packard, and DEC Step 4: History of Personal Computers (15 minutes) Personal computers first appeared in the late 1970s One of the first and most popular personal computers was the Apple II During the late 1970s and early 1980s, new models and competing operating systems seemed to appear constantly In 1981 a new standard was established in the micro-computer industry with the debut of the IBM PC The IBM PC quickly became the personal computer of choice, and most other personal computer manufacturers fell by the wayside In order to survive, other companies adjusted to IBM's dominance by building IBM clones, computers that were internally almost the same as the IBM PC, but that cost less Because IBM clones used the same microprocessors as IBM PCs, they were capable of running the same software Since then, hundreds of millions of PC-compatible systems have been sold as the original PC has grown into an enormous family of computers More software has been written for this computer family than for any other system on the market Apple computer did survive and to date it remains a major player in the personal computer marketplace Today, the world of personal computers is basically divided between Apple Macintoshes and PCs Step 5: Uses of Computer (10 minutes) Activity: Buzzing (5 minutes) ASK students to pair up and buzz on the following questions for 2 minutes What types of personal computers have you used before? What did you use it for? ALLOW few pairs to respond and let other pairs to add on points which are not mentioned WRITE their response on the flip chart/board CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below There are two uses of computer, these are: General purpose computer is design to solve wide variety of problems. Examples of general purpose computer are School computers Hospital computers Office computers Special purpose computer is designed for particular job only to solve problem of restricted nature. Examples of special purpose computer are Petroleum pumps Traffic lights Programmable pocket calculator Weapons guidance system Step 6: Computer Parts and Connection (45 minutes) Computer parts include the following: Keyboard Mouse Monitor(Screen) Central Processing Unit (CPU) System unit Random Access Memory(RAM) Connecting Computer Parts Connecting a computer includes the following steps: Connect monitor and system unit together. Connect keyboard. Connect mouse Connect computer to electrical power. Activity: Demonstration (30 minutes) DIVIDE students in small manageable

NTA Level 4 • Semester 1 • PST04107 Working with Image in Microsoft Word Basic Computer Applications • Source Session/Topic 10 Full source-text version: all educational wording from the extracted learning source is retained; only presenter/tutor metadata and web-layout noise are removed, while formatting is improved for readability. Session 10: Working with Image in Microsoft Word Total Session time: 60 minutes +120 minutes Practical Prerequisites None Learning Tasks By the end of this session, students are expected to be able to: Insert and Set Objects Insert and Set Pictures Create and Modify Diagrams and Charts Insert Hyperlinks and Drawing Use AutoText and Data source Resources Needed Flip charts, marker pens, and masking tape. Black/white board and chalk/whiteboard markers. Computer. LCD. SESSION OVERVIEW Step Time Activity/ Method Content 1 5 minutes Presentation Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks 2 30 minutes Presentation Insert and Set Objects 3 40 minutes Presentation Create, Insert Insert and Set Pictures 4 30 minutes Presentation organization chart Create, Modify Diagrams and Charts 5 30minutes Presentation, Exercise Insert a Hyperlink and Drawing 6 30 minutes Presentation AutoText and Data Source 7 10minutes Presentation Key points 8 5 minutes Presentation Evaluation SESSION CONTENT Step 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes) READ or ASK student to read the learning objectives and clarify. ASK students if they have any questions before continuing. Step 2: Insert and Set Objects (30 minutes) Introduction to Word Graphics Now that you are comfortable adding and formatting text, headers and footers, columns, and tables, let's learn to enhance your documents by adding objects and pictures. The Drawing Toolbar offers many options for including lines, lines with arrows, and many types of shapes into your document. Drawing objects include AutoShapes: including Lines, Curves, and Textboxes WordArt drawing objects Drawing Objects To Draw Lines and Shapes Open the Drawing toolbar by clicking View on the Menu Bar, Select Toolbars and then Drawing from the Cascading Menu OR Right-click on any toolbar and select drawing Click the Drawing button on the Standard toolbar The Drawing toolbar will appear Figure 1: Drawing Button Source: screen shot from Microsoft Word Choose an AutoShape from the AutoShape drop down menu. OR Click any of the drawing Tools in the first group of buttons Line Tool – Arrow Tool – Rectangle Tool – Oval Tool – The mouse pointer changes to a crosshair. Drag the crosshair from a starting point until the object is the desired size Release the mouse button to end the drawing object and turn off the Drawing tool. Hold the Shift key down to create straight lines, perfect circles, or perfect squares AutoShapes are inserted (on their own layer) with the In front of text wrapping style applied. WordArt Drawing Objects Also included on the Drawing toolbar is the WordArt Feature. Using WordArt, you can create text graphics that bend, slant, and appear metallic or wooden and much, much more. WordArt can even be shadowed, skewed, rotated, and stretched Here are just a few examples of what WordArt allows you to do: To Insert WordArt Place the insertion point where you would like to insert WordArt. Click the WordArt button on the Drawing toolbar. The WordArt gallery opens. Choose (click) a WordArt style The Edit WordArt Text dialog box appears. Edit the font, size, and style Click OK. Figure 2: Inserting Word art Source: screen shot from Microsoft Word Formatting Drawing Objects Use the Drawing toolbar to format AutoShapes and WordArt. To select several objects hold down the Shift key and click on each object, or use the Select Objects tool. Fill color allow you to color all selected drawing objects. No fill is the color white. Change the line color of a selected object. Changes the text color of a selected object. Changes the line style of a selected object. Changes the line style of a selected object. Includes solid and dotted lines. Changes the style of arrow. Gives selected object some depth. Gives selected object a 3D effect. Activity 1: Open Your Document from Activities 1 Session 7 (10 minutes) Using both AutoShapes and WordArt, create an image for your flyer. Edit the image. Save and close the document. Step 3: Insert and Set Pictures (40 minutes) Clip Art Word comes bundled with hundreds of Clip Art images that are copyright free and available for your personal use. The clip art images that are available through Word cover many different categories and can really help enhance your pages. If you have never inserted clip art before, Word will ask if you would like to catalog all of the available resources (clip art, sound and video files) on your computer. It is a good idea to go ahead and catalog all of these free resources. To Insert Clip Art Place the insertion point where you want to insert the clip Click Insert on the Menu Bar Select Picture and then Clip Art from the cascading menu. The Insert Clip Art menu opens on the Task Pane. Type a keyword in the Search Text: field Click Search. OR Specify your search by using the Other Search Options Search in: – specifies where Word will search for clip art. As long as the check box everywhere is checked, Word will search through All Collections Results should be: – specified what type of file Word will search for (video, audio, photographs, clip art). As long as the check box for All Media Types is checked, Word will search through All Media Files. Double-Click The Clip Art Or Picture To Add To The Document. To change your Search For text: Click the Modify button below the clip art results To preview video and sound clips, click the appropriate tab and click the Play button to preview the file. To Delete a Picture Select the image (click on it). Press the delete key on your keyboard Inserting Pictures from your Computer A picture doesn't have to be in the Clip Gallery in order for you to

NTA Level 4 • Semester 1 • PST04107 Demonstration on Tables Creation, Editing and Formatting Basic Computer Applications • Source Session/Topic 9 Full source-text version: all educational wording from the extracted learning source is retained; only presenter/tutor metadata and web-layout noise are removed, while formatting is improved for readability. Session 9: Demonstration on Tables Creation, Editing and Formatting Total Session Time: 40 minutes + 80 minutes Practical Prerequisites None Learning Tasks By the end of this session, students are expected to be able to: Create a Table Edit Tables Format Tables Resources Needed Flip charts, marker pens, and masking tape. Black/white board and chalk/whiteboard markers. Computer. LCD SESSION OVERVIEW Step Time Activity/ Method Content 1 05 minutes Presentation Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks 2 35 minutes Presentation, Exercise Creating Tables 3 30 minutes Presentation, Exercise Editing Tables 4 35 minutes Presentation, Exercise Formatting Tables 5 10 minutes Presentation Key Points 6 5 minutes Presentation Evaluation SESSION CONTENT Step 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 Minutes) READ or ASK student to read the learning objectives and clarify. ASK students if they have any questions before continuing. Step 2: Creating a Tables (35 minutes) Tables allow large amounts of text and/or numbers to be presented in an organized and easy to read fashion. Student roll books, sport statistics, address books, math formulas, menus and many other documents often incorporate tables to share information. Similar to columns, Tables can be challenging at first. Word has created an entire menu to help assist you in creating your first Table. A few important terms to know before you begin creating tables are: Row – A row runs horizontal in a table and is divided by borders Borders – Separating lines in the table Column – A column runs perpendicular in a table and is divided by borders Cell – A cell is the box that is created when your rows and your columns intersect each other. The cell contains your data or information Figure 1: Row and Column Direction Source: Goodwill Community Foundation 2002 Creating Tables Using the Insert Table Dialog Box Click Table on the Menu Bar Select Insert and then Table from the cascading menu. The Insert Table dialog box appears Determine the number of columns and rows you need in your table. You can add more lately, but save yourself some work. You can always add rows by pressing Tab at the end of a row To create a table as wide as your page, leave the Fixed Column Width setting on Auto. Click OK. A table is inserted into your document Figure 2: Insert Table Source: Goodwill Community Foundation 2002 Another automated way to create a quick table is by using the Insert Table Button on the Standard toolbar Creating Tables Using the Insert Table Button Click the Insert Table Button. Now, drag the number of columns and rows you want in your table. Figure 3: Tool for Insert Table Source: Goodwill Community Foundation 2002 Custom-Made Tables The Insert Table Dialog Box and Insert Table button offer a quick solution to making tables. If you would like to custom create your table by drawing it yourself, you can use the Draw Table button. Creating Tables Using the Draw Tables Button Open the Tables and Borders toolbar by clicking View on the Menu Bar, Select Toolbars and then Tables and Borders from the Cascading Menu. The Tables and Borders toolbar will appear. Click the Draw Tables button on the Tables and Borders toolbar. The mouse pointer turns into a pencil. Figure 4: Tables and Borders Source: Print Screen from Microsoft Word 2003 Drag the pencil to create a rectangle about the size of the table you want Release the mouse button. The border of the table appears in your document Use the pencil again to draw in column and row borders Click the Draw Table button again to change the pencil back into an I-beam If you make a mistake while drawing your table, you can erase both rows and columns by using the Eraser on the Tables and Borders toolbar. Once you select the Eraser, the pointer will change to resemble the Eraser Button. Drag the Eraser over parts of the table you wish to erase. When you are finished erasing, click the Eraser button again to put the Eraser away. Entering Text Click inside any table cell to begin entering text or numbers. Moving Around in a Table: Use the Tab key or right arrow key to move right Use Shift + Tab or the left arrow key to move left The up and down arrow keys will move the insertion point above or below its current location. Selecting Text in Tables A cell: triple click inside cell A row: Move mouse to left of margins, point to the row, and click Multiple rows: Select the first row, click and drag the number of rows desired A column: Move the mouse above the column. It turns into a downward pointing arrow. Click once Multiple columns: Select the first column, click and drag the number of columns desired Entire Table: Choose Table and Select Table from the menu bar. Selecting Cells. To act on a group of cells they must first be selected. To select a cell, or group of Cells use the selection arrow. This is shown when the cursor is placed near a left cell edge or the top of a column In a new document, create table 5 columns by 5 rows Select the first cell by moving near to its left edge and clicking the left mouse button when the arrow is displayed, as in the diagram. Move the mouse down and click again to remove the selection. Select the Second column by moving near to the top edge of the column and clicking the Mouse when the selection arrow is displayed Select the entire third row by double clicking when the arrow is displayed at the edge of any cell

NTA Level 4 • Semester 1 • PST04107 Demonstration on Advanced Microsoft Word formatting Basic Computer Applications • Source Session/Topic 8 Full source-text version: all educational wording from the extracted learning source is retained; only presenter/tutor metadata and web-layout noise are removed, while formatting is improved for readability. Session 8: Demonstration on Advanced Microsoft Word formatting Total Session Time: 60 minutes + 120 minutes Practical Prerequisites None Student Learning Tasks By the end of this session, students are expected to be able to: Insert Symbols Insert Headers and Footers Format Text Create Text Boxes Work with Columns Resources Needed Flip charts, marker pens, and masking tape Black/white board and chalk/whiteboard markers Computer LCD SESSION OVERVIEW Step Time Activity/Method Content 1 05 minutes Presentation Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks 2 30 minutes Presentation, Exercise Insert Symbols 3 35 minutes Presentation, Exercise Insert Header and Footer 4 30 minutes Presentation, Exercise Format Text 5 30 minutes Presentation, Exercise Create Text Boxes 6 35 minutes Presentation, Exercise Work with Column 7 10 minutes Presentation Key Points 8 5minutes Presentation Evaluation SESSION CONTENT Step 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 Minutes) READ or ASK student to read the learning objectives and clarify ASK students if they have any questions before continuing Step 2: Insert Symbols (30 minutes) Introduction of Symbols There are many Symbols that you might often see in publications that are not directly available from your keyboard. For example, the Copyright symbol, ©, is not available on the keyboard but can be selected from Word's Symbol Dialog Box. Other commonly used symbols that appear in the Symbol Dialog Box are: © Copyright ® Registration TM Trademark Checkmark Insert Symbols To Insert Symbols into your Document: Click Insert on the Menu Bar Select Symbols, The Symbols Dialog Box appears Click the Symbols Tab to select a symbol from a Font type OR Click the Special Characters Tab to view other commonly used symbols Click on the Symbol or Special Character you would like to select and then Click Insert The Symbol or Character will show up in your document Click Close Figure 1: Different Symbols Source: Goodwill Community Foundation 2002 Before You Start the Challenge. During the challenges for these lessons, you will create a newsletter or flyer. Before you begin, decide which topic you would like to write about Do you want to design a flyer that advertises a room for rent? Perhaps you want to develop a flyer that promotes a service, such as piano or guitar lessons? Do you want to develop a newsletter for an organization you are a member of? There are many templates in Microsoft Word that can help you create these documents, but for this tutorial you will find it more educational if you complete the assignment without using the template feature. Make a decision about what you want your document to be about and we’ll get started! Activity 1: Inserting a Symbol (5 minutes) Open Word and create a new document. Insert a Symbol into the document. Do not worry about placement in the document – you'll move the symbol around as you learn more about Word. Save and close Word. Step 3: Insert Headers and Footers (35 minutes) The Header and Footer usually contain title and author information, dates, and page numbers. The Header appears at the top of the page and the Footer appears at the bottom of the page. To Insert a Header and Footer: Click View on the Menu Bar Select Header and Footer The document will appear grayed out with a dotted Header and Footer box showing at the top and bottom of the page Locate the Header and Footer Toolbar on the page Figure 1:Header and Footer Type inside the dotted boxes to insert your Header and/or Footer. Click Close on the Header and Footer Toolbar when you are finished. AND Source: Goodwill Community Foundation 2002 Header and Footer Toolbar The Header and Footer Toolbar contains buttons that can help you automatically enter important information in your header and footers. Some of the useful features located on the Header and Footer Toolbar are: Insert Auto-Text – drop-down menu showing commonly used header and footer information, including, author, page number and date Insert Page Numbers – inserts the page numbers Insert Number of Pages – inserts the number of pages in the entire document Format Page Number – opens the Page Number Format Dialog box so that you can format your page number in the header and footer Insert Date Insert Time Page Setup – opens the Page Setup Dialog box so that you can adjust the location of the header and footer Switch between Header and Footer – allows you to jump quickly between the header and footer on a page Close – closes the Header and Footer Toolbar: Delete Header and Footer If you choose to delete your Header or Footer, Word will automatically delete the Header or Footer within the entire document To Delete the Header or Footer: Click View on the Menu Bar Select Header and Footer Highlight the text within the Header or Footer (whichever text you would like to delete) Press Delete. The text is now removed. Click Close Figure 2: Header and Footer Toolbar Source: Goodwill Community Foundation 2002 You can delete the Header and Footer on just the first page of the document by choosing File – Page Setup. On the Page Setup Dialog Box, choose the Layout Tab and place a checkmark next to Different First Page under Headers and Footers, then click OK. Activity 2: Open a document created from activity 1 above (5 minutes) Type your name into the Header. Modify the text in your Header so that it is 10-point Times New Roman font. Put the date and time in the Footer. Modify the text in your Footer so that it is 10-point Times New Roman font. Save and close the document Step 4: Formatting (30 minutes) Why display non-printing characters? Non-printing

NTA Level 4 • Semester 1 • PST04107 Demonstration on Microsoft Word Basics Basic Computer Applications • Source Session/Topic 7 Full source-text version: all educational wording from the extracted learning source is retained; only presenter/tutor metadata and web-layout noise are removed, while formatting is improved for readability. Session 7: Demonstration on Microsoft Word Basics Total Session Time: 60 minutes + 120 minutes Practical Prerequisites None Learning Tasks By the end of this session students are expected to be able to: Align Text Set Line Spacing Create Margins Use the Ruler and Formatting Toolbar Format Text Create Bulleted and Numbered Lists Resources Needed Flip charts, marker pens, and masking tape Black/white board and chalk/whiteboard markers Computer and LCD Handout 6.1 SESSION OVERVIEW Step Time Activity/ Method Content 1 5 minutes Presentation Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks 2 30 minutes Demonstration, Exercise Align Text 3 30 minutes Demonstration, Exercise Set Line Spacing 4 30 minutes Demonstration, Exercise Create Margins 5 35 minutes Demonstration, Exercise Use the Ruler and Formatting Toolbar 6 30 minutes Demonstration, Exercise Create Bulleted and Numbered Lists 7 10 minutes Presentation Key Points 8 10 minutes Presentation Evaluation SESSION CONTENT Step 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 Minutes) READ or ASK student to read the learning objectives and clarify. ASK students if they have any questions before continuing Step 2: Aligning Text (30 minutes) Aligning text can be invaluable when trying to format your document to meet certain standards. Most documents have text that is left aligned. However, if you were creating a greeting card or advertisement, you might need to know how to center align, right align or justify your text. Align Text Using the Alignment Buttons: Select the text you want to align. Click the Align Left, Center, Align Right, or Justify button on the Formatting toolbar. Figure:1 Alignment Buttons Source: Goodwill Community Foundation 2002 Uses of left, right, center and justified Alignment Text Below you will view examples of text that are aligned using the left, right, center, and justified alignment buttons. Refer students to Handout 6.1: Personal Letter Activity 1: Personal Letter (5 minutes) Instructions: Use Personal Letter from Handout 6.1 help to do bullets 1 to 4 listed below: Left align the entire letter. Center align only heading Right align Address at the top Save and close the document. Step 3: Set Line and Paragraph Spacing (30 minutes) Line Spacing Document text can be formatted to show a number of line spacing options. The most common spacing options are single-spaced and double-spaced. Line spacing is measured in lines or points. When line spacing is measured in points, it is referred to as leading (rhymes with wedding). When you reduce the leading you automatically bring the lines of text closer together, sometimes making it difficult to read. Increasing the leading will space the lines out, allowing for improved readability. For example, the 10 point font usually uses 12 point leading. This is the default and, in general, should be used. To Format Line Spacing Select the text you want to format. Choose Reveal Formatting on the Task Pane and click on any of the blue links under the Paragraph heading. OR Click Format on the menu bar. Select Paragraph. The Paragraph dialog box appears. Click on the Indents and Spacing tab. In the Line spacing drop down menu, you may select single, 1.5, or double spacing. The default is single spacing. Click OK. OR Select the text you want to format. Click on the Line Spacing button on the Formatting Menu. Select an option from the drop-down menu. Step 4.Using Page Setup to Specify Margins (30 minutes) Figure 2: Margin Set Source: Screen Shot from Microsoft Word In order to change the margins (space along the top, left, right and bottom) in your document, you will need to access the Page Setup dialog box. Click File on the menu bar. Select Page Setup. Select Margins tab in the Page Setup dialog box. OR Choose Reveal Formatting on the Task Pane and click on the blue link, Margin, under the Section heading. You can change the margin in precise steps by clicking on the up or down arrows next to the margin that you wish to change or you may type a number in the text box next to the margin you wish to change. Click OK. Figure 3:Page Setup Source: Screen Shot from Microsoft Word More Options on the Page Setup Dialog Box The Page Setup dialog box gives you several other options for controlling the look of your document. Not only can you control how your document looks on screen, but you can also manage how your document will be printed. The Margins, Paper and Layout Tab all contain valuable tools. Margins Tab Click the Default button in the lower left corner of the Page Setup dialog box to set (or reset) Word's default margins. You can choose to apply these new margins to the whole document or from this point forward by using the drop-down menu, Apply to:. Change the Page Orientation by clicking on either the Portrait box (8.5 x 11) or the Landscape box (11 x 8.5). Paper Tab The default paper size is 8.5 x 11, but you can change the paper size entirely. You can even customize the paper size to include note cards, envelopes, photo paper, index cards, and much more. Layout Tab The Layout Tab includes options to customize page numbering, borders, and headers/footers. A nice feature on the Layout Tab is creating a Title Page for your document. To Create a Title Page for Your Document Enter the text you want on your title page. Click File on the Standard toolbar. Select Page Setup from the menu bar. Click the Layout tab. Under Vertical Alignment, you will find the following options: Top: Default. Text lines up with top margin. Center: Text on page is centered between the top and bottom margins. Justified: Text is spread out so each line is

NTA Level 4 • Semester 1 • PST04107 Demonstration on Getting Started with Microsoft Word Basic Computer Applications • Source Session/Topic 6 Full source-text version: all educational wording from the extracted learning source is retained; only presenter/tutor metadata and web-layout noise are removed, while formatting is improved for readability. Session 6: Demonstration on Getting Started with Microsoft Word Total Session Time: 60 minutes + 120 minutes Practical Prerequisites Session 5 Learning Tasks By the end of this session, students are expected to be able to: Define Microsoft Word Program Identify Parts of the Word Window Practice Saving Document Practice Use Backspace/Delete and Undo/ Repeat Functions Practice Cut, Copy, Paste, Drag and Drop Practice Use of Autocorrect, Find and Replace Practice Use of Spell Check and Grammar Check Resources Needed Flip charts, marker pens, and masking tape Black/white board and chalk/whiteboard markers Computer LCD Handout 6.1 SESSION OVERVIEW Step Time Activity/Method Content 1 05 minutes Presentation Presentation of Session Title and Learnig Tasks 2 10 minutes Presentation Brainstorming Definition of Microsoft Word 3 40 minutes Presentation Basic of the Microsoft Word Window 4 40 minutes Presentation Exercise Saving a File 5 40 minutes Presentation Exercise Cut, Copy, Paste, Drag and Drop 6 35 minutes Presentation Exercise AutoCorrect and Spell Grammar Check 7 05 minutes Presentation Key Points 8 05 minutes Presentation Evaluation SESSION CONTENT Step 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes) READ or ASK students to read the learning objectives and clarify. ASK students if they have any questions before continuing. Step 2: Definition of Microsoft Word (10 minutes) Activity: Brainstorming (5 minutes) Ask students to brainstorm on the following question: What is Microsoft word program? ALLOW few students to respond? WRITE their responses on the flip chart/ board CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below Microsoft word is the word processing software in the Microsoft Office Suite It allows you to create a variety of professional-looking documents such as letters, flyers and more Step 3: Basics of the Word Window (40 minutes) Word is the word processing software in the Microsoft Office Suite It allows you to create a variety of professional-looking documents such as letters, flyers, and more The Basics of the Word Window Shown below is the Microsoft Word default window When Word is launched, a new blank document, or default window, opens in Print Layout view Although window elements are fully explained in our Windows course, here is a brief explanation of the Word window Title Bar: displays the document name followed by a program name Menu Bar: contains a list of options to manage and customize documents Standard Toolbar: contains shortcut buttons for the most popular commands Formatting Toolbar contains buttons used for formatting Ruler: used to set margins, indents, and tabs Insertions point the location where the next character appears End-of-document Marker indicates the end of the document Help provides quick access to Help topics Scroll bars used to view parts of the document Status Bar Displays position of the insertion point and working mode buttons Task Pane provides easy access to commonly used menus, buttons and tools. View Buttons Changes the layout view of the document to Normal View, Web Layout View, Reading Layout View, Print Layout View, or Outline View Office Assistant Links to the Microsoft Office Help feature Figure 1: Basic Component of Window Source: Goodwill Community Foundation 2002. Change in View In an effort to provide various ways in which to view your work in progress and remain organized, Word 2003 offers six different views for your document. The six views are Normal View, Web Layout View, Reading Layout View, Print Layout View, Outline View, and Full Screen View. Normal view is best used for typing, editing, formatting and proofreading. It provides a maximum amount of space without rulers or page numbers cluttering your view Web Layout view shows you what your text will look like on a web page Reading Layout view is best for documents that you do not need to edit. The goal of this view is to increase legibility so that the user can read the document easily Print Layout view shows you what your document will look like when it is printed Under Print Layout view you can see all elements of the page. Print Preview shows you this as well Outline view is used to create and edit outlines. Outline view only shows the headings in a document. This view is particularly handy when making notes Full Screen view displays ONLY the document that you are working on. All the other pieces of the Word window are removed except for one button that allows you to Close View Screen Changing Your Document View Click View on the menu bar. Select the view of your choice. OR Click one of the five buttons at the bottom left of your Word window (View Full Screen is not available in this location). Figure 2: View Button Source: Goodwill Community Foundation 2002 Step 4: Saving New File (40 minutes) When Saving a File for the First Time Click File on the Menu Bar. Select Save – Ctrl+S. Figure 3: Save command Source: Goodwill Community Foundation 2002 Using the Standard Toolbar to Save Choose the Save button on the Standard Toolbar. Save as Dialog Box After selecting Save from the Menu Bar or the Standard Toolbar, the Save As Dialog Box appears. Figure 4: Save As Dialog Box Source: Goodwill Community Foundation 2002 To Specify a File Location Open the Save In: drop down list box. Choose 31/2 floppy (A 🙂 if saving to a floppy disk. Choose (C 🙂 if saving to your hard disk. Name your file in the File name: box. Click Save. If you do not choose a file name, Microsoft Word will assign a file name for you. It assigns the first line of text in you document, unless you give it a different name when prompted in the File name box. If you do not specify a file

NTA Level 4 • Semester 1 • PST04107 Identification of Different Types of Computer Software Basic Computer Applications • Source Session/Topic 5 Full source-text version: all educational wording from the extracted learning source is retained; only presenter/tutor metadata and web-layout noise are removed, while formatting is improved for readability. Session 5: Identification of Different Types of Computer Software Total Session Time: 60 minutes Prerequisites Session 4 Learning Tasks By the end of this session, students are expected to be able to: Define the Term Software Describe Different Types of Software Describe Various Computer Application Programs and its Uses Resources Needed Flip charts, marker pens, and masking tape Black/white board and chalk/whiteboard markers Computer LCD SESSION OVERVIEW Step Time Activity/Method Content 1 05 minutes Presentation Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks 2 10 minutes Presentation Brainstorming Definition of Software 3 20 minutes Presentation Different Types of Computer Software 4 15 minutes Presentation Buzzing Uses of Computer Applications 5 05 minutes Presentation Key Points 6 05 minutes Presentation Evaluation SESSION CONTENT Step 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes) READ or ASK students to read the learning objectives and clarify. ASK students if they have any questions before continuing. Step 2: Definition of Computer Software (10 minutes) Activity: Brainstorming (5 minutes) Ask students to brainstorm on the following question: What is the meaning of the term ‘software’? ALLOW few students to respond WRITE their responses on the flip chart/ board CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below Software Software is another name of a program or programs The purpose of software is to convert data (unprocessed facts) into information (processed facts) Software programs consist of the step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to do its work In other words software or programs are set of instruction which tells computer what to do Step 3: Different Types of Computer Software (20 minutes) There are two types of software/program; these are system software and application software System Software. System Software consists of programs that control the operations of a computer and its devices System software serves as the interface between a user, the application software, and the computer’s hardwar One type of system software is the operating system Before application software can be run, the operating system, which contains instructions that coordinate the activities among computer hardware devices, must be loaded from the hard disk into the computer’s memory System software is not a single program, rather it is a collection of programs, included the following: Operating systems Operating systems are programs that coordinate computer resources, provide an interface between users and computer, and run applications. Windows XP, Windows VISTA and the Mac OS X are the best known operating system for today’s microcomputer users Utilities Also known as service programs, they perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources For example, the windows utility called Disk defragmenter locates and eliminates unnecessary file fragments and rearranges files and unused disk space to optimize computer operations Devices drivers Device drivers are specialized programs designed to allow particular input or output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system Application Software Application software consists of programs designed to perform specific tasks for users Application software can be used as a productivity/business tool; to assist with graphics and multimedia projects; to support home, personal, and educational activities and to facilitate communications Specific application software products is called program and are available from software vendors These programs can be categorized as either basic or specialized applications Basic applications Also known as general-purpose applications, they are widely used in nearly all career areas. They are the kinds of programs you have to know to be considered as computer competent One of these applications is a browser to navigate, explore and find information on the internet The two most widely used browsers are Microsoft’s Internet Explorer and Netscape’s Navigator Specialized applications Also known as special-purpose applications, these include thousand of other programs that are more narrowly focused on specific declines and occupations Some of the best known are graphics audio, video, web authoring, and artificial intelligence programs Various computer application programs are Word processing Excel Database software PowerPoint Internet E-mail software Web browser Step 4: Uses of Application Software (15 minutes) Activity: Buzzing (5 minutes) ASK students to pair up and buzz on the following question for 2 minutes What are the types of computer software? When do you use that software? ALLOW few pairs to respond and let other pairs to add on points not mentioned WRITE their response on the flip chart/board CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below Word processing software allows users to create and manipulate documents that contain text and graphics With word processing software, you can insert clip art into a document; change margins; find and replace text; use a spelling checker to check spelling; place a header and footer at the top and the bottom of a page; and vary font (character design), font size (character scale), and font style (character appearance) Excel is a spreadsheet application in the Microsoft Office Suite. A spreadsheet is an accounting program for the computer Spreadsheets are primarily used to work with numbers and text Spreadsheets can help organize information, like alphabetizing a list of names or ordering records, or calculate and analyze information using mathematical formulas Power Point is the presentation graphics software in the Microsoft Office Suite It allows you to create dynamic presentations using its easy-to-use, predefined layouts and templates Database software allows you to create and manage a database A database is a collection of data organized to allow access, retrieval, and use of that data. Database is used to store records of employees, clients and equipments Example of employees records are Name, Age, Place of birth and occupation A query is used to retrieve data according to specified criteria, which are restrictions the data must meet E-mail software is used to create, send, receive, forward, store, print, and delete e-mail (electronic mail)

NTA Level 4 • Semester 1 • PST04107 The Use of Computers in Keeping Records of Medicines and Medical Supplies Basic Computer Applications • Source Session/Topic 4 Full source-text version: all educational wording from the extracted learning source is retained; only presenter/tutor metadata and web-layout noise are removed, while formatting is improved for readability. Session 4: The Use of Computers in Keeping Records of Medicines and Medical Supplies Total Session Time: 120 minutes Prerequisites Session 3 Learning Tasks By the end of this session students are expected to be able to: List benefits of computer in keeping records of medicines and medical supplies Mention commonly used computerized systems for keeping records of medicines and medical supplies Practice tally based system in keeping records of medicines and medical supplies Resources Needed: Flip charts, marker pens, and masking tape Black/white board and chalk/whiteboard markers Computer/ LCD projector SESSION OVERVIEW Step Time Activity/ Method Content 1 05 minutes Presentation Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks 2 30 minutes Presentation Buzzing Benefits of Computer in Keeping Records of Medicines and Medical Supplies 3 30 minutes Presentation Brainstorming Commonly Used Computerized Systems for Keeping Records and Medical Supplies 4 45 minutes Demonstration Practice Tally Based System in Keeping Records of Medicines and Medical Supplies 5 05 minutes Presentation Key Points 6 05 minutes Presentation Evaluation SESSION CONTENTS STEP1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Task (5 minutes) READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify ASK students if they have any questions before continuing STEP 2: Benefits of Computer in Keeping Records of Medicines and Medical Supplies ( 30 minutes) Activity: Buzzing (5 minutes) ASK students to pair up and buzz on the following question for 2 minutes What are the benefits of computer in keeping records of medicines and medical supplies? ALLOW few pairs to respond and let other pairs to add on points not mentioned WRITE their response on the flip chart/board CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below The following are the benefits of computer in keeping records of medicines and medical supplies Speed and Efficiency A computerized records keeping system makes everything from inputting information to taking inventory easier. Doing a hand count of inventory can take days, but with a computerized records keeping system, the same process can be done in a short time Document Generation Once the computerized records keeping system is in place, managers and workers can use it to automatically generate all kinds of documents, from purchase orders and checks to invoices and account statements. Managers can also use the system to automatically order products when they run low Timely Data With a manual system, the data is only as accurate and up to date as the last hand count. With a computerized records keeping system, the management team can pull a report and instantly see how many units are on the floor, how many have sold and which products are selling the fastest It eliminates overstocking of the inventories and maintains minimum investment. It helps in optimum utilization of men, money, material, equipment, time and thereby reduces the total cost of the production STEP 3: The Commonly Used Computerized Systems for Keeping Records in Medicines and Medical Supplies (30 minutes) Activity: Brainstorming (5 minutes) Ask students to brainstorm on the following question: Mention any common used computerized system for keeping records of medicines and medical supplies ALLOW few students to respond WRITE their responses on the flip chart/ board CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below There are many computerized records keeping software which can be used for various pharmaceutical activities depend on the needs of the particular organization. these are examples of the software which can be used in health services Drug health information system software (DHIS) Jeeva, Win Pharm, Pioneer RX These software’s have the following standard features, User friendly input Easier to recall of patient, drug and prescription information Comply to regulatory authorities Safety and accuracy Adequate inventory management Provision of reports Fast Allow electronic prescription Step 4: Practice Tall Based System in Keeping Records of Medicines and Medical Supplies (45 minutes) Activity: Demonstration (45 minutes) DIVIDE students in small manageable groups. PREPARE computer for demonstration POSITION students so that everyone can see and hear REVIEW steps of tallying based system in a computer with students DEMONSTRATE the procedure of tallying in a computer ALLOW one student from each group to do a return demonstration and let others tally CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below INFORM the students that “every student will practice in the computer laboratory under supervision until each student is competent” STEP 5: Key Points (5Minutes) Information Technologies are systems of hardware and/or software that capture, process, exchange, store and/or present information using electrical, magnetic and/or electromagnetic energy Computers are processors of information. Process large amounts of information at incredible speeds, accurately, and consistently. Their processing speed is their major advantage over humans STEP 6: Evaluation ( 5 minutes) What is the meaning of information technology in inventory system? What are the benefits of information technology in inventory management? What are commonly used computerized inventory systems? References Marion Merrell Dow Incorporated.( 1989).Effective pharmacy management. Marion Merrell Dow Inc Jadhav, S. P., Nikam, K., Gandhi, A., Salunkhe, K. &Shinde., N. (2012). Applications of computer science in Pharmacy: An overview. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2 (1), 1-9. retrieved from ww.scopemed.org/?mno=8149 http://baonsquarestech.blogspot.com/2013/08/the-use-of-computer-in-pharmacy_26.html ← Previous TopicNext Topic →View all Basic Computer Applications topicsOpen Complete Full Notes PDF / OFFLINE NOTES Unataka kutumiwa notes hizi kupitia WhatsApp?Kwa notes zilizopangiliwa vizuri kwa kusoma offline au PDF, bonyeza kitufe hapa chini. Ujumbe wenye Level, Semester, Module na Topic utaandaliwa moja kwa moja.TUMIWA NOTES WHATSAPP WhatsApp: 255620339260

NTA Level 4 • Semester 1 • PST04107 The Importance of Computers in Pharmacy Practice Basic Computer Applications • Source Session/Topic 3 Full source-text version: all educational wording from the extracted learning source is retained; only presenter/tutor metadata and web-layout noise are removed, while formatting is improved for readability. Session 3: The Importance of Computers in Pharmacy Practice Total Session Time: 120 minutes + 4hrs field trip Prerequisites Session 2 Learning Tasks By the end of this session students are expected to be able to: List Advantage and Disadvantage of Using Computers in Pharmacy HCAP List Areas Where Computer can be Used in Pharmacy Field Explain the Use of Computer in Dispensing Resources Needed: Flip charts, marker pens, and masking tape Black/white board and chalk/whiteboard markers Computer/ LCD projector Field trip Guide 3.1: use of computer in dispensing SESSION OVERVIEW Step Time Activity/ Method Content 1 05 minutes Presentation Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks 2 10 minutes Presentation History of Computer Application in Pharmacy 3 30 minutes Presentation Brainstorming Areas Where Computer Can be Used in Pharmacy Field 4 30 minutes Small Group Discussion Explanation the use of Computer in Dispensing 5 25 minutes Presentation Buzzing Advantage and Disadvantage of Using Computers in Pharmacy 6 05 minutes Presentation Key Points 7 5 minutes Presentation Evaluation 8 10 minutes Presentation Use of Computer in Dispensing Field Trip SESSION CONTENTS STEP1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5minutes) READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify ASK students if they have any questions before continuing STEP 2: History of Computer Application in Pharmacy (10 minutes) As with most health-care processes, pharmacy operations have been significantly changed by the advent of digital and computing technology Computers are used for various tasks within a pharmacy, both in terms of how pharmaceutical personnel carry out their duties and handle patients Pharmacy computing systems make use of resources, such as the Internet, although many pharmacies use custom-made software systems to carry out their daily activities First commercial system was introduced in 1950; It was large need large floor space ( vacuum tubes, more difficult part composition) Second computer technology in 1960 It became smaller It more compact economically and it was used by major businesses remained too expensive In 1970 the it was used by Wholesales drugs pharmaceutical manufactures drug stores, drugs data for businesses In 1980 Fourth generation of computers, It became reach of the retail pharmacy Then, the computer develop the micro processing “chip” Right now computers and pharmacy go hand in hand. STEP 3: Areas Where Computer can be Used in Pharmacy Field (30minutes) Activity: Brainstorming (5 minutes) Ask students to brainstorm on the following question: What are the areas where computer can be used in pharmacy field? ALLOW few students to respond? WRITE their responses on the flip chart/ board CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below The following are the areas where computer can be used in pharmacy: Pharmacy Train Institutions Computers have revolutionized the way education is handled in the today’s world In pharmaceutical education, computers are particularly useful because there is such a need for learning and presenting different pharmaceutical information The field of medicine often relies on complex definitions of conditions and procedural techniques If you are an educator, you can use the computer to show your students PowerPoint presentations that simplify the large amounts of text often needed in medical science Stick to the basics in the visual presentations You also may use computers to present video data of different drug strictures or for slide shows of diseases or traumas and their treatments Pharmaceutical Industries A further refinement of new drug design and production was provided by the process of computer-aided design (CAD) With the availability of powerful computers and sophisticated graphics software, it is possible for the medicinal chemist to design new molecules and evaluate their effectiveness The more important fact is that the computer will enable pharmaceutical personnel to discover new drugs for the complete care of dangerous diseases like aids, cancer etc. and reduce the cost of production of drugs for diseases which are easily cured Pharmaceutical Research Centers Computers are playing critical role pharmaceutical research in collecting, analyzing data, write the findings, format a paper for publication, find relevant studies on the Internet or print posters for medical conferences In short without computers pharmacy research will be long-lasting and expensive Hospital and Clinical pharmacy Hospital pharmacy is division of hospital which monitors on the receiving and allotment of drugs and medicines and professional supplies, stores them and dispenses to inpatient, outpatient and may have a manufacturing extension to manufacture pharmaceutical Clinical pharmacist may use computers for therapeutic drug monitoring; which are very potent and having very narrow therapeutic range like cardiac glycosides, anticonvulsants. Computer program are designed to calculate drug dosage to suit individual patients need Wholesale /retail pharmacy shop Computers are used by community pharmacy for various functions Some accounting functions are like preparation of prescription label, providing a receipt for patient, generation a hard copy record of transactions, calculating total prescription cost, automatically ordering the low quantity products via electronic transitions, preparation of annual withholding payrolls STEP 4: Explanations of the use of Computer in Dispensing (30 minutes) Activity: Small Group Discussion ( 30 minutes) DIVIDE students into small manageable groups ASK students to discuss on the following question What are the uses of computer in dispensing? ALLOW students to discuss for 15 minutes ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not mentioned CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the contents below Dispensing refers to the process of preparing and giving medicine to a named person on the basis of a prescription It involves the correct interpretation of the wishes of the pre scriber and the accurate preparation and labeling of medicine for use by the patient This process may take place in a public or private clinic, health center, hospital, or in community pharmacy setting It is carried out

NTA Level 4 • Semester 1 • PST04107 Basic Structure and Functions of Computers Basic Computer Applications • Source Session/Topic 2 Full source-text version: all educational wording from the extracted learning source is retained; only presenter/tutor metadata and web-layout noise are removed, while formatting is improved for readability. Session 2: Basic Structure and Functions of Computers Total Session Time: 120 minutes Prerequisites Session 1 Learning Tasks By the end of this session, students are expected to be able to: Explain structure of a computer Describe Different Types of Computer Generations Describe Major Parts of a Computer and its Function Explain Back-up Systems and their Importance Identify Different Devices and Peripherals of a Computer Resources Needed Flip charts, marker pens, and masking tape Black/white board and chalk/whiteboard markers Computer LCD SESSION OVERVIEW Step Time Activity/Method Content 1 05 minutes Presentation Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks 2 20 minutes Presentation Buzzing Structure of Computer 3 20minutes Presentation Types of Computer Generation 4 30 minutes Presentation Brainstorming Major Parts of Computer and its Function 5 25 minutes Presentation Buzzing Back-up Systems and their Importance 6 5 minutes Presentation Devices and Peripherals of a Computer 7 05 minutes Presentation Key Points 8 05 minutes Presentation Evaluation 9 05 minutes Presentation Assignment SESSION CONTENT Step 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes) READ or ASK students to read the learning objectives and clarify. ASK students if they have any questions before continuing Step 2: Structure of Computer (20 minutes) Activity: Buzzing (5 minutes) ASK students to pair up and buzz on the following question for 5 minutes What are the structures of a computer? ALLOW few pairs to respond and let other pairs to add on points not mentioned WRITE their response on the flip chart/board CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below Computer is created to simplify jobs of different type according to the user needs. User of the computer is the one who commands the computer and tells it what to do User tells computer what to do by entering data using keyboard then result will be displayed on the screen The process of entering data into computer is called data entry. This process of entering data to a computer is done by user, in which data will be processed in order to get information User will use input devices such as keyboard and mouse to enter data in the system then the data will be processed to produce information The result which is output will be shown in a monitor or through printed document Below are the procedures and diagram used by computer to execute data First Data is entered through input devices e.g. keyboard. Second Control Unit (CU) after receiving instruction from the main memory to send signal and commands, CU send signal and commands to various parts of the computer system to prepare and accept the data After the data is processed it is sent back to main memory which stores it temporarily before the next command is executed The data is then sent to secondary storage devices after secondary storage device had received command from the Control Unit For the information to be put into a hard copy i.e. paper, the information moves from the secondary storage device to the main memory which waits for signals and commands from Control Unit After receiving signal from the Control Unit that the output devices are ready to receive data, the main memory releases the data to the output devices like printers Third Output devices translate the processed information from the computer into a form that humans can understand The most common output devices are monitors or video display screen and printers. Lastly Secondary storage devices hold data and program even after electrical power to the computer has been turned off The most important kinds of secondary media are floppy, hard and optical disks Figure 9: Structure of Computer Source: Slideshare.net Step 3: Types of Computer Generations (20 minutes) Computer generation is categorized into five generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Fifth Generation First Generation 1946-1959. The computers of first generation used vacuum tubes as the basic components for memory and circuitry for CPU (Central Processing Unit) These tubes, like electric bulbs, produced a lot of heat and were prone to frequent fusing of the installations, therefore, were very expensive and could be afforded only by very large organizations In this generation mainly batch processing operating system were used Punched cards, paper tape, and magnetic tape were used as input and output devices The computers in this generation used machine code as programming language Figure 4: 1st Generation Computer Source: tutorialspoint.com The Main Features of First Generation Vacuum tube technology Unreliable Supported machine language only Very costly Generated lot of heat Slow input and output devices Huge size Need of A.C. Non-portable Consumed lot of electricity Second Generation 1959-1965. In this generation transistors were used that were cheaper, consumed less power, more compact in size, more reliable and faster than the first generation machines made of vacuum tubes In this generation, magnetic cores were used as primary memory and magnetic tape and magnetic disks as secondary storage devices In this generation assembly language and high-level programming languages like FORTRAN, COBOL was used The computers used batch processing and multiprogramming operating system. Figure 5: 2nd Generation Computer Source: tutorialspoint.com The Main Features of Second Generation Use of transistors Reliable in comparison to first generation computers Smaller size as compared to first generation computers Generated less heat as compared to first generation computers Consumed less electricity as compared to first generation computers Faster than first generation computers Still very costly A.C. needed Supported machine and assembly languages Third Generation 1965-1971. The computers of third generation used integrated circuits (IC's) in place of transistors A single IC has many transistors, resistors and capacitors along with the associated circuitry The IC was invented by Jack Kilby. This development made computers smaller in size, reliable and efficient