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PST NTA Level 5

Pharmaceutical Sciences Notes, PST Level 5 Semester 2, PST NTA Level 5, PST05207 Quality Assurance of Pharmaceutical Products

PST05207 Quality Assurance of Pharmaceutical Products – Complete Full Notes

NTA Level 5 • Semester 2 • PST05207 Quality Assurance of Pharmaceutical Products – Complete Full Notes Complete educational source text in one page Completeness safeguard: this page keeps the complete educational module/source wording in one place so learning material is not lost when browsing topic by topic. Presenter/tutor metadata is intentionally excluded. UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children PST 05207 Quality Assurance of Pharmaceutical Products NTA Level 5 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide March 2019 Copyright © Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children – 2019 Table of Contents Background ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. iv Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..viii Abbreviations/Acronyms …………………………………………………………………………………………….. x Session 1: Introduction to Good Manufacturing Practices: ………………………………………………. 1 Session 2: Components of GMP …………………………………………………………………………………… 7 Session 3: GMP -Personnel requirements……………………………………………………………………. 13 Session 4: GMP Requirements on Raw Materials …………………………………………………………. 20 Session 5: GMP Documentations Requirements …………………………………………………………… 31 Session 6: GMP Equipments Requirements …………………………………………………………………. 38 Session 7: Quality Control and Assurance in Relation to Preparation of Pharmaceutical Products…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 45 Session 8: The Operating Principles of Equipments and Machines …………………………………. 56 Session 9: Standard Operating Procedures for Equipments and Machines ……………………….. 67 Session 10: Preventive Maintenance Procedures for Equipments and Machines……………….. 72 Session 11: Procedures for Quality Testing of Pharmaceutical Products ………………………….. 79 iii PST 05207 Quality Assurance of Pharmaceutical Products NTA Level 5 Semester 2 Background There is currently an ever-increasing demand for pharmaceutical personnel in Tanzania. This is due to expanding investment in public and private pharmaceutical sector. Shortage of trained pharmaceutical human resource contributes to poor quality of pharmaceutical services and low access to medicines in the country (GIZ, 2012). Through Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) the Pharmacy Council (PC) together with Development Partners (DPs) in Germany and Pharmaceutical Training Institutions (PTIs) worked together to address the shortage of human resource for pharmacy by designing a project named “Supporting Training Institutions for Improved Pharmaceutical Services in Tanzania” in order to improve quality and capacity of PTIs in training. CSSC prepared a Multi-actor Partnership (MAP) project proposal on how to sustain and strengthen health care in Tanzania through improvement of pharmaceutical training and an inter-institutional coordination of actors. This will harmonize and improve access to quality pharmaceutical service in Tanzania. The project has a various key stakeholders like; CSSC, NACTE, PC, TCU, CEDHA and Pharmaceutical Training Institutions (PTIs). Through this project, few PTIs will receive infrastructural improvements to increase the quantitative and qualitative capacities (CUHAS, RUCU and KSP). Furthermore this project will train Pharmaceutical tutors from different PTIs on teaching and assessment methods in Tanzania and thus improved health delivery through increased qualified human resource. It was also observed that in the previous stakeholder‟s meetings there was a need for the development of training manuals and assessment plans for NTA Level 5 & 6, in order to support the establishment and implementation of the curriculum in PTIs. During MAP kick- off workshop done in February 2018, Stakeholders agreed that there was a need for development of the said manuals and it was among the highest priority in Pharmacy education in Tanzania. Therefore this project aims at developing facilitator‟s guide and assessment plans for NTA Level 5 & 6. Pharmacy Council, CSSC and action medeor developed the Terms of Reference and selected a qualified service provider with experience in material development to develop the mentioned training manuals and assessment plan. Centre for Educational Development in Health Arusha (CEDHA) was selected and offered a contract to develop Facilitators guide for NTA level 5 & 6 and assessment plan. Centre for Educational Development in Health Arusha (CEDHA) was offered a leading role with the instructions to include experts who have developed teaching materials for NTA Level 4. These experts are primarily experienced pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical tutors. The mode of operation used by CEDHA to develop facilitators guide and assessment plan was participatory approach which included a number of activities through various workshops such as planning, and orientation of material development. After these preliminary workshops, experts developed materials individually and in-groups. Thereafter, developed iv PST 05207 Quality Assurance of Pharmaceutical Products NTA Level 5 Semester 2 draft materials were reviewed, edited and formatted and draft one was finalized and shared to stakeholders for inputs. Finally, CEDHA submitted the finalized Facilitator‟s guides and assessment plans for NTA level 5 and 6 to CSSC for endorsement, printing, dissemination and sharing with relevant authorities. There are 11 modules for NTA level 5 making 11 facilitator guides including one practicum guide. v PST 05207 Quality Assurance of Pharmaceutical Products NTA Level 5 Semester 2 Acknowledgment The development of standardized training materials of a competence-based curriculum for pharmaceutical sciences has been accomplished through involvement of different stakeholders. Special thanks go to the Pharmacy Council for spearheading the harmonization of training materials in the pharmacy after noticing that training institutions in Tanzania were using different curricula and train their students differently. I would also like to extend my gratitude to Christian Social Service Commission (CSSC) for their tireless efforts to mobilize funds from development partners (German Ministry of Industry and action medeor). It is through the implementation of the Multi-Actors Partnership (MAP) project, CSSC has been able to provide the financial and technical support needed during the development of this training material. Many thanks go to the Centre for Educational Development in Health Arusha (CEDHA) experts on health material development and training who coordinated the development of these module sessions particularly Ms. Diana H. Gamuya for her commitment in coordinating and facilitating the planning and development to its completion. Particular acknowledgements are sent to Mr. Dickson Mtalitinya and Members from the secretariat of National Council for Technical Education (NACTE) for facilitating and providing their expertise to the success of this work. It will be unfair if I will not recognize the efforts and contributions of all CEDHA supportive staff that made this process a success; accountant, secretary, drivers and printers Finally, I very much appreciate the contributions of the tutors and content experts representing PTIs, hospitals, and other health training institutions. Their participation in meetings

Pharmaceutical Sciences Notes, PST Level 5 Semester 2, PST NTA Level 5, PST05208 Pharmaceutics Theory and Compounding

PST05208 Pharmaceutics Theory and Compounding – Complete Full Notes

NTA Level 5 • Semester 2 • PST05208 Pharmaceutics Theory and Compounding – Complete Full Notes Complete educational source text in one page Completeness safeguard: this page keeps the complete educational module/source wording in one place so learning material is not lost when browsing topic by topic. Presenter/tutor metadata is intentionally excluded. UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children PST 05208 Pharmaceutics Theory and Compounding NTA Level 5 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide March 2019 Copyright © Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children – 2019 PST 05208 Pharmaceutics Theory & Compounding NTA Level 5 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide ii Table of Contents Background …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… iv Abbreviations/Acronym …………………………………………………………………………………………………. xii Session 1: Introduction to Sterile Pharmaceutical Preparations …………………………………………….. 1 Session 2: Aseptic Processing…………………………………………………………………………………………… 8 Session 3: Requirements for Preparation of Sterile Pharmaceutical Products ……………………….. 13 Session 4: Percutaneous Absorption ………………………………………………………………………………… 19 Session 5: Semi Solid Preparations………………………………………………………………………………….. 27 Session 6: Reference and Formula in Pharmaceutical production………………………………………… 34 Session 7: Compounding of Ointments ……………………………………………………………………………. 47 Session 8 Compounding of Pastes …………………………………………………………………………………… 57 Session 10: Compounding of Gels/ Jellies………………………………………………………………………… 74 Session 11: Introduction to Isotonicity …………………………………………………………………………….. 84 Session 12: Determination of Isotonicity by Freezing Point Method ……………………………………. 92 Session 13: Determination of Isotonicity by Sodium Chloride Equivalent Method ……………….. 98 Session 14: Determination of Isotonicity by Molecular Concentration Method …………………… 104 Session 15: Calculations Involving Milliequivalent …………………………………………………………. 108 Session 16: Calculations Involving Millimoles ……………………………………………………………….. 115 Session 17: Calculations Involving Milliosmoles (mOsmol) …………………………………………….. 120 Session 18: Calculations Involving Osmolarity……………………………………………………………….. 125 Session 19: Calculations Involving Constituted Solutions ………………………………………………… 131 Session 20: Calculations Involving Intravenous Admixture ……………………………………………… 140 Session 21: Calculations Involving Rate of Flow of Intravenous Fluid ………………………………. 145 Session 22: Calculations Involving Buffer Solutions ……………………………………………………….. 150 Session 23: Preservation of Pharmaceutical Product ………………………………………………………… 157 PST 05208 Pharmaceutics Theory & Compounding NTA Level 5 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide iii Background There is currently an ever-increasing demand for pharmaceutical personnel in Tanzania. This is due to expanding investment in public and private pharmaceutical sector. Shortage of trained pharmaceutical human resource contributes to poor quality of pharmaceutical services and low access to medicines in the country (GIZ, 2012). Through Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) the Pharmacy Council (PC) together with Development Partners (DPs) in Germany and Pharmaceutical Training Institutions (PTIs) worked together to address the shortage of human resource for pharmacy by designing a project named “Supporting Training Institutions for Improved Pharmaceutical Services in Tanzania” in order to improve quality and capacity of PTIs in training. CSSC prepared a Multi-actor Partnership (MAP) project proposal on how to sustain and strengthen health care in Tanzania through improvement of pharmaceutical training and an inter-institutional coordination of actors. This will harmonize and improve access to quality pharmaceutical service in Tanzania. The project has a various key stakeholders like; CSSC, NACTE, PC, TCU, CEDHA and Pharmaceutical Training Institutions (PTIs). Through this project, few PTIs will receive infrastructural improvements to increase the quantitative and qualitative capacities (CUHAS, RUCU and KSP). Furthermore this project will train Pharmaceutical tutors from different PTIs on teaching and assessment methods in Tanzania and thus improved health delivery through increased qualified human resource. It was also observed that in the previous stakeholder‟s meetings there was a need for the development of training manuals and assessment plans for NTA Level 5 & 6, in order to support the establishment and implementation of the curriculum in PTIs. During MAP kick- off workshop done in February 2018, Stakeholders agreed that there was a need for development of the said manuals and it was among the highest priority in Pharmacy education in Tanzania. Therefore this project aims at developing facilitator‟s guide and assessment plans for NTA Level 5 & 6. Pharmacy Council, CSSC and action medeor developed the Terms of Reference and selected a qualified service provider with experience in material development to develop the mentioned training manuals and assessment plan. Centre for Educational Development in Health Arusha (CEDHA) was selected and offered a contract to develop Facilitators guide for NTA level 5 & 6 and assessment plan. Centre for Educational Development in Health Arusha (CEDHA) was offered a leading role with the instructions to include experts who have developed teaching materials for NTA Level 4. These experts are primarily experienced pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical tutors. The mode of operation used by CEDHA to develop facilitators guide and assessment plan was participatory approach which included a number of activities through various workshops PST 05208 Pharmaceutics Theory & Compounding NTA Level 5 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide iv such as planning, and orientation of material development. After these preliminary workshops, experts developed materials individually and in-groups. Thereafter, developed draft materials were reviewed, edited and formatted and draft one was finalized and shared to stakeholders for inputs. Finally, CEDHA submitted the finalized Facilitator‟s guides and assessment plans for NTA level 5 and 6 to CSSC for endorsement, printing, dissemination and sharing with relevant authorities. There are 11 modules for NTA level 5 making 11 facilitator guides including one practicum guide. PST 05208 Pharmaceutics Theory & Compounding NTA Level 5 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide v PST 05208 Pharmaceutics Theory & Compounding NTA Level 5 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide vi Acknowledgment The development of standardized training materials of a competence-based curriculum for pharmaceutical sciences has been accomplished through involvement of different stakeholders. Special thanks go to the Pharmacy Council for spearheading the harmonization of training materials in the pharmacy after noticing that training institutions in Tanzania were using different curricula and train their students differently. I would also like to extend my gratitude to Christian Social Service Commission (CSSC) for their tireless efforts to mobilize funds from development partners (German Ministry of Industry and action medeor). It is through the implementation of the Multi-Actors Partnership (MAP) project, CSSC has been able to provide the financial and technical support needed during the development of this training material. Many thanks go to the Centre for Educational Development in Health Arusha (CEDHA) experts on health material development and training who coordinated the development of these module sessions

Pharmaceutical Sciences Notes, PST Level 5 Semester 2, PST NTA Level 5, PST05209 Health Information Management

PST05209 Health Information Management – Complete Full Notes

NTA Level 5 • Semester 2 • PST05209 Health Information Management – Complete Full Notes Complete educational source text in one page Completeness safeguard: this page keeps the complete educational module/source wording in one place so learning material is not lost when browsing topic by topic. Presenter/tutor metadata is intentionally excluded. HMIS NOTES B.Boy Session 1: Organization of Health Related Data Using Computer Packages Learning Tasks By the end of this session students are expected to be able to: • Explain concepts of electronic data storage and arrangement • Demonstrate electronic filing and application of security to electronic data • Explain the methods of summarizing data What is Data Storage • Data storage Data storage is the recording (storing) of information (data) in a storage medium. Numerate four (4) storage media i. Handwriting ii. Phonographic recording iii. Magnetic tape iv. Optical discs List four (4) electronic Data storage formats i. Music ii. Video iii. Document iv. Pictures HMIS NOTES B.Boy List five (5) storage devices i. CD ii. DVD iii. Internal Hard disk iv. External Hard disk v. Flash vi. FDD vii. Memory card Numerate Three (3) common type’s data storage i. Hard drive ii. USB flash drive iii. Memory card. Explanation of each type of Storage • Hard drive (HD) o The term "hard drive" is actually short for "hard disk drive." o The term "hard disk" refers to the actual disks inside the drive. o The hard drive is a non-volatile memory hardware device that permanently stores and retrieves data on a computer.  Non-volatile memory is a term used to describe any memory or storage that is saved regardless if the power to the computer is on or off.  The best example of non-volatile memory and storage is a computer hard drive, flash memory, and ROM. HMIS NOTES B.Boy o A hard drive is a secondary storage device that consists of one or more platters to which data is written using a magnetic head, all inside of an air-sealed casing. o A typical hard drive is only slightly larger than a human hand and can hold over 100 GB of data. • USB flash drive o A USB flash drive is a device used for data storage that includes a flash memory and an integrated Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface. o Most USB flash drives are removable and rewritable. o Physically, they are small, durable and reliable. o The larger their storage space, the faster they tend to operate. o USB flash drives are mechanically very robust because there are no moving parts. o They derive the power to operate from the device to which they are connected (typically a computer) via the USB port. o A USB flash drive may also be known as a flash drive or USB drive. • Memory card o A memory card is a type of storage device that is used for storing media and data files. o It provides a permanent and non-volatile medium to store data and files from the attached device. Define the Term Memory Card Memory cards are commonly used in small, portable devices, such as cameras and phones. List five (5) most popular forms of memory cards are: i. Secure Digital (SD) card ii. Compact Flash (CF) card iii. Smart Media iv. Memory Stick v. Multi Media Card (MMC) HMIS NOTES B.Boy In the healthcare system, data are store in the electronic systems, and these systems are called electronic health records (EHR) and electronic medical records (EMR) Define the following Terms • Electronic Health Records o An electronic health record (EHR) is a digital version of a patient’s paper chart. o It contains a patient’s medical history, diagnoses, medications, treatment plans, immunization dates, allergies, radiology images, and laboratory and test results in electronic format. o It is health information that is created and managed by authorized providers in a digital format capable of being shared with other providers across more than one health care organization. • Electronic Medical Records o Electronic medical records (EMRs) are a digital version of the paper charts in the clinician’s office. o EMR contain medical information used by clinicians mostly for diagnosis and treatment.. o An EMR contains the medical and treatment history of the patients in one practice. o Information in EMRs cannot easily be shared out of the medical practice. o The patient’s record can easily be printed out and shared with other members of the care team. HMIS NOTES B.Boy ELECTRONIC FILLING Filling A filing system is a plan or method of arranging documents in a prescribed order. The purpose of filing documents is to enable a quick retrieval of complete information Whenever it is required. Requirements of a good filing system o Simplicity-The filing method must be easy to understand and simple to operate. o Easy access-Documents should be easily identified and located to enable speedy pulling and filing. o Security-Documents should be safely kept and well preserved. o Tracer system-The whereabouts of documents removed from the storage must be known. Methods of Filing in Medical Records There are four common methods of filing patient records used in health facilities o Alphabetical o Chronological o Geographical o Numerical HMIS NOTES B.Boy Explanation of each method Alphabetical Filing System • Alphabetical filing is a very commonly used method for filing in general. • Examples of alphabetical filing system are, Abdallah, followed by Bakari, then Charles. Chronological Filing System Chronological filing means filing in time order. • It is used in combination with another method. • Letters for example are usually filed alphabetically according to name or subject and within each group in date order. Example of chronological filing system is, those patients who are expected to be admitted on 14th February 2010, Abdallah/14, Bakari/14, Charles/14. The 14 is a filing position in filing waiting list. • The waiting list is having filing position from 1 up to 31 according to dates. Geographical Filing System Geographical filing is based on geographical units like countries, regions, and town.

Pharmaceutical Sciences Notes, PST Level 5 Semester 2, PST NTA Level 5, PST05210 Basic Pharmacognosy

PST05210 Basic Pharmacognosy – Complete Full Notes

NTA Level 5 • Semester 2 • PST05210 Basic Pharmacognosy – Complete Full Notes Complete educational source text in one page Completeness safeguard: this page keeps the complete educational module/source wording in one place so learning material is not lost when browsing topic by topic. Presenter/tutor metadata is intentionally excluded. | | UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children Facilitator Guide Copyright © Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children – 20 Table of Contents Background iii Acknowledgment iv Introduction vi Abbreviations/Acronym viii Session 1: Introduction to Pharmacognosy 1 Session 2: The Plant Cell 7 Session 3: Plant Tissues 14 Session 4: Plant Tissue Systems 23 Session 5: Morphology of the Roots 28 Session 6: Morphology of Stems 36 Session 7: Morphology of the Leaf 44 Session 8: Morphology of the Flower 52 Session 9: Morphology of the Fruit 58 Session 10: Morphology of the Seed 64 Session 11: Pharmaceutical Barks 69 Session 12: Cultivation of medicinal plants 74 Session 13: Collection, Processing and Storage of Medicinal Plants 83 Session 14: Extraction of Active Medicinal Principals from Natural Sources 90 Session 15: Adulteration of Medicinal Plants 97 Session 16: Introduction to Ergastic Substances 102 Session 17: Gum, Mucilage and Pectins 109 Session 18: Introduction to Alkaloids 115 Session 19: Classification, Uses and Extraction of Alkaloids 120 Session 20: Tropane Alkaloids 127 Session 21: Lobelia and Tobacco 133 Session 22: Quinoline Alkaloids 137 Session 23: Isoquinoline Alkaloids 141 Session 24: Indole and Imidazole Alkaloids 146 Session 25: Purine Alkaloids 153 Session 26: Proto alkaloids 158 Session 27: Introduction of Glycosides 162 Session 28: Cardiac Glycosides 166 Session 29: Anthraquinone Glycosides 172 Session 30: Introduction to Volatile Oils and Resins 177 Session 31: Alcoholic and Hydrocarbon Volatile Oils 183 Session 32: Ketonic and Aldehydic Volatile Oils 188 Session 33: Phenolic ether, Phenolic, Oxide and Ester Volatile Oils 194 Session 34: Introduction to Fixed oils and Fats 200 Session 35: Castor, Olive, Cod-liver and Peanut Oils 205 Session 36: Almond, Linseed, Coconut and Cottonseed Oils 210 Session 37: Fats 215 Session 38: Waxes 219 Background There is currently an ever-increasing demand for pharmaceutical personnel in Tanzania. This is due to expanding investment in public and private pharmaceutical sector. Shortage of trained pharmaceutical human resource contributes to poor quality of pharmaceutical services and low access to medicines in the country (GIZ, 2012). Through Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) the Pharmacy Council (PC) together with Development Partners (DPs) in Germany and Pharmaceutical Training Institutions (PTIs) worked together to address the shortage of human resource for pharmacy by designing a project named “Supporting Training Institutions for Improved Pharmaceutical Services in Tanzania” in order to improve quality and capacity of PTIs in training, particularly of lower cadre pharmaceutical personnel. The Pharmacy Council formed a Steering committee that conducted a stakeholder’s workshop from18th – 22ndAugust 2014 in Morogoro to initiate the implementation of the project. Key activities in the implementation of this project included carrying out situational analysis, curriculum review and harmonization, development of training manual/facilitators guide, development of assessment plan, training of trainers and supportive supervision. After the curricula were reviewed and harmonized, the process of developing standardised training materials started through Writer’s Workshop approach. The approach included a number of workshops for developing, reviewing, editing and formatting the sessions of the modules. The goals of writer’s workshops were to build capacity of tutors in the development of training materials and to develop high-quality, standardized teaching materials. The training package for pharmacy cadres includes a facilitator guide, assessment plan and practicum. There are 11 modules for NTA level 5 making 11 facilitator guides including one practicum guide. Acknowledgment The development of standardized training materials of a competence-based curriculum for pharmaceutical sciences has been accomplished through involvement of different stakeholders. Special thanks go to the Pharmacy Council for spearheading the harmonization of training materials in the pharmacy after noticing that training institutions in Tanzania were using different curricula and train their students differently. I would also like to extend my gratitude to Christian Social Service Commission (CSSC) for their tireless efforts to mobilize funds from development partners (German Ministry of Industry and action medeor). It is through the implementation of the Multi-Actors Partnership (MAP) project, CSSC has been able to provide the financial and technical support needed during the development of this training material. Many thanks go to the Centre for Educational Development in Health Arusha (CEDHA) experts on health material development and training who coordinated the development of these module sessions particularly Ms. Diana H. Gamuya for her commitment in coordinating and facilitating the planning and development to its completion. Particular acknowledgements are sent to Mr. Dickson Mtalitinya and Members from the secretariat of National Council for Technical Education (NACTE) for facilitating and providing their expertise to the success of this work. It will be unfair if I will not recognize the efforts and contributions of all CEDHA supportive staff that made this process a success; accountant, secretary, drivers and printers Finally, I very much appreciate the contributions of the tutors and content experts representing PTIs, hospitals, and other health training institutions. Their participation in meetings and workshops, and their input in the development of this training manual/facilitators guide have been invaluable. These participants are listed with our gratitude below: Ms. Elizabeth Shekalaghe Registrar, Pharmacy Council of Tanzania Health,MoHCDGEC Dr. Catherine Jincen Acting Principal, CEDHA Dr. Sungwa N. Kabissi Project Manager – MAP, CSSC Ms. Diana H. Gamuya CEDHA Ms. Grace Mallange PC Ms. Emily Mwakibolwa Pharmacy Council Ms. Tumaini H. Lyombe MUHAS Ms. Dilisi J. Makawia KSP Director of Human Resources Development Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children Introduction Module Overview This module content is a guide for tutors of Pharmaceutical schools for training of students. The session contents are based on sub-enabling outcomes and their related tasks of the curriculum for Technician Course in Pharmaceutical Sciences. The module sub-enabling outcomes and their related tasks are as indicated in the in the Technician Certificate in Pharmaceutical Sciences

Pharmaceutical Sciences Notes, PST Level 5 Semester 1, PST NTA Level 5

PST05101 Medicines and Medical Supplies Management Notes – NTA Level 5

NTA LEVEL 5 • SEMESTER 1 PST05101 – Medicines and Medical Supplies Management Complete topic-by-topic notes index Open any topic below to study the source-text notes directly on the website. OPEN COMPLETE FULL NOTES →Session 1: Introduction to Medicine and Medical Supplies ManagementSession 2: Health Supply Chain ManagementSession 3: Introduction to Selection of Medicines and Medical SuppliesSession 4: Criteria and Challenges Facing SelectionSession 5: Introduction to Quantification and ForecastingSession 6: Quantification MethodsSession 7: Application of Quantification MethodsSession 8: Introduction to Procurement of Medicines and Medical SuppliesSession 9: Procurement CycleSession 10: Procurement MethodsSession 11: Quality Assurance in Procurement of Medicines and MedicalSession 12: Managing Drug DonationsSession 13: Procurement and Supply Agencies of Medicines and MedicalSession 14: Structure and Functions of Medical Stores DepartmentSession 15: The Prime Vendor SystemSession 16: Objectives and Purpose of LMIS in the Context of TanzaniaSession 17: The Integrated Logistics System (ILS)Session 18: The LMIS Tools and How to Complete ThemSession 19: The Pull and Push SystemsSession 20: Using Electronic LMIS (eLMIS) 115 ← View all Semester 1 modules PDF / OFFLINE NOTES Unataka kutumiwa notes hizi kupitia WhatsApp?Kwa notes zilizopangiliwa vizuri kwa kusoma offline au PDF, bonyeza kitufe hapa chini. Ujumbe wenye Level, Semester, Module na Topic utaandaliwa moja kwa moja.TUMIWA NOTES WHATSAPP WhatsApp: 255620339260

Pharmaceutical Sciences Notes, PST Level 5 Semester 1, PST NTA Level 5

PST05102 Law and Policies in Pharmacy Practice Notes – NTA Level 5

NTA LEVEL 5 • SEMESTER 1 PST05102 – Law and Policies in Pharmacy Practice Complete topic-by-topic notes index Open any topic below to study the source-text notes directly on the website. OPEN COMPLETE FULL NOTES →Session 1: Sections of the Public Procurement Act, 2011 Regulating Procurement of Medicines and Medical SuppliesSession 2: Tanzania Food, Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 2003 regulating procurement of medicines and medical suppliesSession 3: Medical Stores Department Act, 1993 Regulating Procurement of Medicines and Medical SuppliesSession 4: Introduction to Procurement of Controlled SubstancesSession 5: Guidelines Governing Procurement of Controlled SubstancesSession 6: Requirements for Storing Controlled SubstancesSession 7: Strategies of Preventing Misuse of Controlled SubstancesSession 8: Drugs and Prevention of Illicit Drugs Traffic Act, s Governing Distribution and Use of Controlled SubstancesSession 9: Drugs and Prevention of Illicit Traffic in Drugs Act, 1995 that Explains the Handling of Controlled MedicinesSession 10: Tanzania Food and Cosmetics Act, 2003 Regulating Procurement Controlled DrugsSession 11: Drugs and Prevention of Illicit Drugs Traffic Act, 1997 on controlled substancesSession 12: International Conventions Ratified on Controlled Drugs and Psychotropic SubstancesSession 13: Introduction to National Medicines Policy in Relation to Pharmaceutical ServicesSession 14: The Standard Treatment GuidelinesSession 15: Vertical Programs Total Session Time: 120 minutesSession 16: Procurement Procedure for Vertical Program MedicinesSession 17: Introduction to Prescription Only MedicinesSession 18: Pharmacy Act, 2011 Regulating the Use and Sale of Prescription Only MedicinesSession 19: Procedures for Issuing Prescription Only Medicines in Emergency SituationsSession 20: Tanzania Food and Cosmetics Act, 2003 Regulating Distribution and Use of Medicines and Medical Supplies ← View all Semester 1 modules PDF / OFFLINE NOTES Unataka kutumiwa notes hizi kupitia WhatsApp?Kwa notes zilizopangiliwa vizuri kwa kusoma offline au PDF, bonyeza kitufe hapa chini. Ujumbe wenye Level, Semester, Module na Topic utaandaliwa moja kwa moja.TUMIWA NOTES WHATSAPP WhatsApp: 255620339260

Pharmaceutical Sciences Notes, PST Level 5 Semester 1, PST NTA Level 5

PST05103 Pharmaceutical Microbiology Notes – NTA Level 5

NTA LEVEL 5 • SEMESTER 1 PST05103 – Pharmaceutical Microbiology Complete topic-by-topic notes index Open any topic below to study the source-text notes directly on the website. OPEN COMPLETE FULL NOTES →Session 1: Introduction to MicrobiologySession 2: Classification and importance of Micro organismsSession 3: Introduction to BacteriaSession 4: Internal structures and drug targets in prokaryotic cellsSession 5: External structures and drug targets in prokaryotic cellsSession 6: Introduction to StaphylococciSession 7: Introduction to StreptococciSession 8: Staphylococcal and Streptococcal Skin InfectionsSession 9: Diseases Caused by Staphylococcal infection and ToxinSession 10: PharyngitisSession 11: PneumoniaSession 12: Neisseria, Gonorrhoea and Meningococcal MeningitisSession 13: Introduction to BacilliSession 14: Anthrax and Bacillus Food PoisoningSession 15: TetanusSession 16: DiphtheriaSession 17: Mycobacterial InfectionsSession 18: Cholera and PlagueSession 19: Haemophilus type b, Pertussis and BrucellosisSession 20: Urinary Tract Infection and E-coli associated DiarrhealSession 21: Shigellosis, Enteric Fever and Peptic Ulcer DiseaseSession 22: Chlamydial InfectionsSession 23: Spirochetes InfectionSession 24: Introduction VirusSession 25: Herpes Virus InfectionsSession 26: Measles and PoliomyelitisSession 27: Viral HepatitisSession 28: RabiesSession 29: Viral Haemorrhagic FeversSession 30: HIV and AIDSSession 31: Introduction to Medical MycologySession 32: Subcutaneous and Systemic MycosesSession 33: Superficial MycosesSession 35: Opportunistic MycosesSession 36: Introductory ParasitologySession 37: Blood and Tissue Protozoal InfectionsSession 38: Intestinal and Urinogenital Protozoal InfectionsSession 39: Taeniasis and SchistosomiasisSession 40: Pinworm, Whipworm, Hookworm and Roundworm InfestationsSession 42: Introduction to Antisepsis, Disinfection and SterilizationSession 43: Antiseptics and DisinfectantsSession 44: Sterilization Methods and Criteria for SelectionSession 45: Introduction to ImmunologySession 46: Antigens and AntibodiesSession 47: Activation of LymphocytesSession 48: Complement SystemSession 49: Immunological PreparationsSession 50: Storage and Delivery of Vaccine Total Session Time: 60 minutes ← View all Semester 1 modules PDF / OFFLINE NOTES Unataka kutumiwa notes hizi kupitia WhatsApp?Kwa notes zilizopangiliwa vizuri kwa kusoma offline au PDF, bonyeza kitufe hapa chini. Ujumbe wenye Level, Semester, Module na Topic utaandaliwa moja kwa moja.TUMIWA NOTES WHATSAPP WhatsApp: 255620339260

Pharmaceutical Sciences Notes, PST Level 5 Semester 1, PST NTA Level 5

PST05104 Pharmacology and Therapeutics Notes – NTA Level 5

NTA LEVEL 5 • SEMESTER 1 PST05104 – Pharmacology and Therapeutics Complete topic-by-topic notes index Open any topic below to study the source-text notes directly on the website. OPEN COMPLETE FULL NOTES →Session 1: Drug Absorption Total Session Time: 120 minutesSession 2: Drug Distribution Total Session Time: 120 minutesSession 3: Metabolism of DrugsSession 4: Drug Excretion Total Session Time: 120 minutesSession 5: Drug Receptor InteractionSession 6: Agonists, Antagonists and Dose Response RelationshipSession 7: Enzyme Inhibitors and InducersSession 8: Pharmacodynamics of Drugs Acting on Endocrine SystemSession 9: Pharmacodynamics of Drugs Acting on Respiratory SystemSession 10: Pharmacodynamics of Antiemetics and Drugs for Peptic Ulcer DiseaseSession 11: Pharmacodynamics of Analgesics, Antipyretics and Anti-inflammatory DrugsSession 12: Pharmacodynamics of Drugs Acting Locally on the SkinSession 13: Pharmacodynamics of Antineoplastic DrugsSession 14: Pharmacodynamics of Immunosuppressive AgentsSession 15: Pharmacodynamics of Vitamins and MineralsSession 16: Pharmacodynamics of Drugs Acting on Genital-Urinal SystemSession 17: Pharmacodynamics of AntihelminthicsSession 18: Pharmacodynamics of Antimalarial DrugsSession 19: Pharmacodynamics of Antifungal DrugsSession 20: Pharmacodynamics of Penicillins and CephalosporinsSession 21: Pharmacodynamics of MacrolidesSession 22: Pharmacodynamics of FluoroquinolonesSession 23: Pharmacodynamics of AminoglycosidesSession 24: Pharmacodynamics of Drugs for AmoebiasisSession 25: Pharmacodynamics of Antiviral DrugsSession 26: Introduction to ToxicologySession 27: Management of Acute PoisoningSession 28: Pharmacodynamics of AnticonvulsantsSession 29: Pharmacodynamics of Hypnotics and AnxiolyticsSession 30: Pharmacodynamics of Antipsychotic DrugsSession 31: Pharmacodynamics of Drugs Used in Parkinson's DiseaseSession 32: Pharmacodynamics of AntidepressantsSession 33: Pharmacodynamics of Drugs for Heart FailureSession 34: Pharmacodynamics of Antihypertensive DrugsSession 35: Pharmacodynamics of AnticoagulantsSession 36: Pharmacodynamics of Antiplatelet DrugsSession 37: Pharmacodynamics of Local AnaestheticsSession 38: Pharmacodynamics of General AnaestheticsSession 39: Pharmacodynamics of Antituberculosis DrugsSession 40: Pharmacodynamics of Antiarrythmic Drugs 315 ← View all Semester 1 modules PDF / OFFLINE NOTES Unataka kutumiwa notes hizi kupitia WhatsApp?Kwa notes zilizopangiliwa vizuri kwa kusoma offline au PDF, bonyeza kitufe hapa chini. Ujumbe wenye Level, Semester, Module na Topic utaandaliwa moja kwa moja.TUMIWA NOTES WHATSAPP WhatsApp: 255620339260

Pharmaceutical Sciences Notes, PST Level 5 Semester 1, PST NTA Level 5

PST05105 Rational Use of Medicines Notes – NTA Level 5

NTA LEVEL 5 • SEMESTER 1 PST05105 – Rational Use of Medicines Complete topic-by-topic notes index Open any topic below to study the source-text notes directly on the website. OPEN COMPLETE FULL NOTES →Session 1: Introduction to Rational use of MedicinesSession 2: Introduction to Irrational Use of MedicinesSession 3: Factors Contributing to Irrational Use of MedicinesSession 4: Problems Associated with Irrational Medicine UsageSession 5: Control Measures for Irrational Medicines UseSession 6: Concept of National Essential MedicinesSession 7: Essential Medicines Concept in Promotion of Rational MedicinesSession 8: Types of Interventions in Promoting Rational Medicines UseSession 9: Factors Hindering Promotion of Rational Use of MedicineSession 10: Importance of (STG) and (EML) in Reducing Irrational Use of MedicinesSession 11: Legal limitations on Medicines Marketing and PromotionSession 12: Significances of Uncontrolled Medicines Marketing and PromotionSession 14: Ethical Issues in Medicines Marketing and PromotionSession 15: Role of Pharmaceutical Personnel in Promoting Rational Use of Medicines 109 ← View all Semester 1 modules PDF / OFFLINE NOTES Unataka kutumiwa notes hizi kupitia WhatsApp?Kwa notes zilizopangiliwa vizuri kwa kusoma offline au PDF, bonyeza kitufe hapa chini. Ujumbe wenye Level, Semester, Module na Topic utaandaliwa moja kwa moja.TUMIWA NOTES WHATSAPP WhatsApp: 255620339260

Pharmaceutical Sciences Notes, PST Level 5 Semester 1, PST NTA Level 5

PST05106 Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Notes – NTA Level 5

NTA LEVEL 5 • SEMESTER 1 PST05106 – Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Complete topic-by-topic notes index Open any topic below to study the source-text notes directly on the website. OPEN COMPLETE FULL NOTES →Session 1: Introduction to Pharmaceutical Organic ChemistrySession 2: Classification of Organic CompoundsSession 3: Classification of Drugs According to Their Chemical NatureSession 4: Nomenclature of Organic CompoundsSession 5: General Properties of Organic CompoundsSession 6: Chemical Reaction in Organic CompoundsSession 7: IsomerismSession 8: Alkanes of Pharmaceutical ImportanceSession 9: Alkenes of Pharmaceutical ImportanceSession 10: Alkynes of Pharmaceutical ImportanceSession 11: Alcohols of Pharmaceutical ImportanceSession 12: Carboxylic Acids of Pharmaceutical ImportanceSession 13: Esters of Pharmaceutical ImportanceSession 14: Acyl Chlorides of Pharmaceutical ImportanceSession 15: Ethers of Pharmaceutical importanceSession 16: Aldehydes of Pharmaceutical ImportanceSession 17: Ketones of Pharmaceutical ImportanceSession 18: Aromatic Organic Compounds of Pharmaceutical ImportanceSession 19: Phenols of Pharmaceutical ImportanceSession 20: Aryl Halides of Pharmaceutical ImportanceSession 21: Amines of Pharmaceutical ImportanceSession 22: Amides of Pharmaceutical ImportanceSession 23: Introduction to Heterocyclic CompoundsSession 24: Chemical Reactions of Heterocyclic CompoundsSession 25: Introduction to Structure – Activity Relationship of DrugsSession 26: Structure – Activity Relationship of PenicillinsSession 27: Structure – Activity Relationship of CephalosporinsSession 28: Structure – Activity Relationship of QuinolonesSession 29: Structure – Activity Relationship of SulphonamidesSession 30: Structure – Activity Relationship of AspirinSession 31: Structure – Activity Relationship of ParacetamolSession 32: Biotransformation of Medicinal Products ← View all Semester 1 modules PDF / OFFLINE NOTES Unataka kutumiwa notes hizi kupitia WhatsApp?Kwa notes zilizopangiliwa vizuri kwa kusoma offline au PDF, bonyeza kitufe hapa chini. Ujumbe wenye Level, Semester, Module na Topic utaandaliwa moja kwa moja.TUMIWA NOTES WHATSAPP WhatsApp: 255620339260

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