PRESENTATION GROUP WORK

PRESENTATION GROUP WORK

GROUP 02

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PREPARE TRAY FOR VITAL SIGN

PREPARE TRAY FOR VITAL SIGN

DEFINITION OF VITAL SIGN

Vital/cardinal sign are body temperature, pulse ,respiration rate, blood pressure and pain that indicate how effectively the body is carrying out essential activities of life

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COMPONENT OF VITAL SIGN OR CARDINAL SIGN

COMPONENT OF VITAL SIGN OR CARDINAL SIGN

Body temperature

Pulse

Respiration

Blood pressure

Pain

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AGE

AGE

TEMP IN ⁰C

PULSE (BEAT/MIN)

RESPIRATION (BREATH/MIN)

BLOOD PRESSURE (mmHg)

Newborn

36.8

130(80-180)

35(30-80)

73/55

1 year

36.8

120(80-140)

30(20-40)

90/55

5-8 years

37

100(75-120)

20(15-25)

95/57

10 years

37

70(50-90)

19(15-25)

102/62

Adolescents

37

75(50-90)

18(15-20)

120/80

Adults

37

80(60-100)

16(14-20)

120/80

Older adult (>70yrs)

37

70(60-100)

16(15-20)

Possible increased diastole

NORMAL RANGE OF VITAL SIGN BY AGE

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Blood pressure :involve measurement of blood pressure of blood as it flows through the artery.

Blood pressure :involve measurement of blood pressure of blood as it flows through the artery.

Systolic pressure ;highest point of pressure

Diastolic pressure ;lowest point of pressure

Pulse pressure ;the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

BLOOD PRESSURE

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PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE

PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE

Increase in resistance cause increase in blood pressure.

2.VESSEL ELASTICITY

Due to arteriosclerosis, arteries wall experience high pressure and become weaker and weaker.

3.BLOOD VOLUME

Greater volume of blood, resulting into greater pressure.

4.CARDIAC OUTPUT

Any thing that decrease cardiac output also decrease blood pressure.

FACTOR AFFECTING BLOOD PRESSURE

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.Hypertension; Abnormal high blood pressure.

.Hypertension; Abnormal high blood pressure.

When blood pressure is equal or greater to 140/90 mmHg.

Condition cause hypertension;

Arteries sclerosis

Intracranial pressure

Polycythaemia hyperthyrodism

Renal disease

Congenital narrowing of the aorta.

ABNORMALITIES OF BLOOD PRESSURE

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.Hypotension

.Hypotension

Blood pressure lower than normal.

systolic reading falls between 85-110 mmHg.

ASSESSMENT BEFORE MEASURING BLOOD PRESSURE.

Sign and symptoms hypertension nosebleeds, headache ringing in the ear , flushing of face and fatigue.

Sign and symptoms of hypotension such as tachycardia, dizziness, mental confusion ,restlessness, cool and clammy skin, pale or cynotic skin.

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Client arm using the brachial artery and a standard stethoscope.

Client arm using the brachial artery and a standard stethoscope.

Client thigh incase of burn or trauma on both hand.

TIME FOR ASSESSING VITAL SIGN.

On admission.

When a client has change health status.

Before and after surgery or invasive procedure.

Before and after administration of medicine /medication that could affect cardiovascular or respiratory system.

Before and after ambulating patient who has been on bed.

SITE FOR ASSESSING BLOOD PRESSURE.

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Factor that increase respiratory rate;

Factor that increase respiratory rate;

Exercise

State of excitement

Fear, worry and anger

Disease state

Factor which decrease respiratory rate

Sleeping

Resting

In a state of fatigue

Having calm emotional state.

Unit of respiratory rate is BREATH PER MINUTE (breath/min)

RESPIRATION RATE

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NOTE; Factor affect are the same as those increase the respiratory rate.

NOTE; Factor affect are the same as those increase the respiratory rate.

Where to observe pulse rate?

Radial pulse

Brachial pulse

Carotid pulse

Femoral pulse

Posterior tibia pulse

Dorsalis pedis pulse

Popliteal pulse.

Unit of pulse rate is BEAT PER MINUTE (beat/min)

PULSE RATE

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Normal range

Normal range

36.7-37.4 ⁰C

Site for checking body temperature

Oral

Rectal

Axially

Ear.

Unit of temperature is DEGREE OF CENTGRADE (⁰C)

TEMPERATURE

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Vital sign tray

Vital sign tray

Sphygomamonometer

Stethoscope

Thermometer

Second hand watch

Pencil

Vital sign sheet

Cotton swab in bowel/alcohol swab

Disposable gloves

Dirty receiver kidney dish.

EQUIPMENT IN TAKING VITAL SIGN

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DIASTOLIC/SYSTORI →

DIASTOLIC/SYSTORI →

NORMAL

HIGHER

LOWER

NORMAL

Normal pressure

1-hypertension

hypotension

LOWER

hypotension

ISH(hyper)

hypotension

HIGHER

IDH(hyper)

hypertension

2-hypertension

BLOOD PRESSURE RANGE.

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NOTE;

NOTE;

IDH(Isolated Diastoric Hypertension)

ISH(Isolated Systoric Hypertension)

Normal range

Systoric BP;90- 120 mmHg

Diastoric BP;60-80 mmHg

HYPERTENSION

Elevated blood pressure

s.BP;120-129 mmHg

d.BP; Less than 80 mmHg

Hypertension stage 1

s.BP;130-139 mmHg

d.BP;80-89mmHg

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Hypertension type 2

Hypertension type 2

s.BP;140 mmHg and above

d.BP;90 mmHg and above

Hypertensive crisis

s.BP;180mmHg and above

d.BP;120mmHg and above

CONT…….

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