Concepts In Maintaining Aseptic Practice

SESSION 7. NURSING CARE CONCEPTS IN MAINTAINING ASEPTIC PRACTICE

At the end of this session students should be able to;

• Describe aseptic procedures
• Perform infection prevention control procedures
• Perform procedures for simple sterile dressing trolley for radiological procedures
• Perform sharp and waste disposal procedures in the radiology department.

Leaning objectives

Concepts In Maintaining Aseptic Practice

Aseptic procedures are set of practices aimed to protect patients from health care associated infections during procedures by minimizing contamination and preventing transmission of infection.

Aseptic procedures

These are evidence based approach preventing patients and health care workers from being harmed by avoidable infections

• Includes;
• Hand hygiene
• Cleaning and Disinfection
• Sterilization and Decontamination
• Waste disposal
• Personal protective equipments(PPE)

Infection prevention and control procedures

Concepts In Maintaining Aseptic Practice

Hand hygiene is an action intended to prevent hand borne infections by removing dirt and debris and inhibiting or killing microorganisms on skin. It include care of hands, nails and skin or

Hand washing is the process which mechanically removes dirty and debris from skin and reduces the number of transient micro-organism

HAND HYGIENE

Types of hand hygiene includes;

• Routine hand washing
• Alcohol hand rub
• Surgical hand scrub

Types of hand hygiene

Immediately on arrival at or and before leaving work

• Before and after using the toilet
• Before and after each patient contact
• Before and after putting on gloves
• Before and after any clinical procedure

Points to Consider when to Perform Hand Hygiene

Whenever there is chance of contamination such as

Touching blood bodily fluids, secretions or, excretion and exudates from wound Contacts with items known or considered likely to contaminated with blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions (e.g. bed bans, urinals, wound dressing) Points to Consider when to Perform Hand Hygiene cont…

Steps for routine hand washing

• Turn on tap.
• Wet hands thoroughly under running water at least 4 inches above the wrist.
• Soap hands adequately.

Vigorously rub together all surfaces of lathered hands.

Rub hands vigorously back and front, in between fingers up to and including the wrist, followed by thorough rinsing under running water. This should be for 10 – 15 seconds Dry hands from tip of fingers to wrist with paper towel. If paper towels are not available, shake off excess water and allow hands to air-dry.

• Use the same paper towel to turn off tap if tap not elbow controlled.

Routine hand washing with liquid soap and running water

To make your own, low cost hand rub, combine

• 100 mls of 60-90%Ethly or isopropyl alcohol and
• 2 mls of grecyline
• Shake and then it is ready for use
• The technique involves

Applying enough alcohol –based hand rub to cover the entire surface of hands and fingers Rubbing the solution vigorously over the hands (covering thumbs, palms and backs of the hands including between fingers, tips of fingers and under nails) until thorough dry Alcohol hand rub

Kills or inhibits the growth of most transient and resident micro-organisms but does not remove micro-organisms or dirty.

Can be used when hand washing with soap and running water is not possible, as long as hands are not visibly soiled with dirty, blood, or other organic material Alcohol hand rub cont…

Concepts In Maintaining Aseptic Practice

Surgical hand rub procedure involves hand washing with water and soap, and hand rubbing with alcohol-based hand rub and friction.

The process mechanically removes dirty, debris and transient organisms reduces resident flora prior to performing any invasive surgical procedure for the duration of the procedure.

The goal of surgical hand rub is to prevent: surgical area contamination by microorganisms from hands and palms of the surgeon and assistant.

Surgical hand rub

Concepts In Maintaining Aseptic Practice

Cleaning is the removal of organic materials and debris (dust, dirty, blood or other bodily fluid) from used items by washing with soap and water and friction.

Disinfectants are chemicals that kill or inhibit all microorganisms except bacteria endospores on inanimate objects.

Cleaning and disinfection

Decontamination is a process of making equipment, instruments and linens safer to be handled by a health care provider.

Decontamination According to OSHA, is “the use of physical or chemical means to remove, inactivate, or destroy blood-borne pathogens on a surface or item to the point where they are no longer capable of transmitting infectious particles and the surface of an item is rendered safe for handling, use, or dispose.

DECONTAMINATION AND STELIRIZATION

Decontamination is done by using Choline 0.5%,soap and water, arranged in steps by buckets

SOAP WATER CLEAN WATER CHROLINE WATER SOAP WATER CLEAN WATER

Dusting –removing dirt on the surface

• Principals used in dusting or cleaning are;
• From clean to dirt.
• From top to bottom.
• From far to near.

From inside to out.

Sterilization

• Is the complete destruction or removal of microorganisms, including bacterial spores

Processes include high-pressure steam (autoclave), dry heat.

Waste disposal in health facilities follows guidelines and standards, buckets are coded by colors as follows;

• Blue/black

Non infectious materials:

Office papers, pharmaceutical packaging, plastic bottles,including water bottles, food remains, waste paper, trash etc.

• Yellow

Infectious waste

Used gloves, dressing materials, specimen containers, infusion packages, catheters, urinal bags

WASTE DISPOSAL

Red

High infectious materials:

Safety box :

Needles and syringes, blades, broken glass, lancets, broken ampoules, slides and slide covers etc.

Personal protective equipments(PPE)

Personal protective equipment are equipment worn by workers to minimize exposure to specific occupational hazards

In health facility it is defined as physical barriers that help to prevent the spread of microorganism from;

• Person to person
• Equipment/instrument and environmental surface to people

PPE CONT…

The commonly used PPE includes;

• Gloves
• Masks
• Eyewear
• Caps
• Gowns
• Aprons
• Boots

PPE CONT…

Storry, J., et al.(2017).Core components for effective infection prevention and control programmes.

• WHO infection prevention and control standard guidelines

REFERENCES

IF NOT SURE OF STELIRITY CONSIDER UNSTELIRE