First Aid

SESSION 6.Appling nursing concepts in determining first aid tools for radiological procedure

Learning Tasks

• By the end of this session, students are expected to be able to:
• Define the terms commonly used in first aid
• Outline the purpose of first aid
• Explain the first aid priorities
• Identify the components first aid kit
• Explain the principles of first aid

READ or ASK participants to read the learning tasks

Activity: Brainstorming

What do you understanding by the term First aid?

Definition of terms

First aid

Is the initial assistance or treatment given to someone who is injured or suddenly become ill Casualty:

Is a person who is injured or killed in an accident

Definition of terms Cont….

Mass casualty:

Is any incident in which emergency medical services resources, such as personnel and equipment, are overwhelmed by the number and severity of casualties

Definition of terms Cont…

Emergency

An urgent condition perceived by patient requiring immediate Medical or Surgical evaluation or surgical treatment First aider

A person who is trained to give first aid to a sick or injured person

Definition of terms Cont…

• First aid kit

A small box containing a first aid equipment

PURPOSE OF FIRST AID

• The purposes of first aid are to:
• Save life
• Prevent further injury

Alleviate suffering and

Promote recovery until professional medical care becomes available, or the casualty recovers

First aid Priorities

• First aid priorities are:
• To assess the Situation
• Observe what has happened quickly and calmly
• To ensure the appropriate emergence service are alerted

To keep the casualty alive (attention to airway, breathing and circulation is paramount)

First aid Priorities Cont…

• To provide reassurance and comfort to the casualty
• Prevent cross infection between yourself and the casualty

To ensure both the rescuer and casualty safety Give early treatment and treat the casualties with the most serious (life threatening) conditions first

Components First Aid Kit

Activity: Brainstorming

• What are the components of first aid kit?

Activity: Brainstorming

• Ask students to brainstorm on the tools/equipment in first aid kit
• ALLOW few students to respond

WRITE their responses on the flip chart/ board

Basic Materials for First Aid Kit

• Bandage tape
• Hot water bottle
• Cotton balls
• Protective gears like Mask, Gloves, etc

Disposable facial tissues

Disposable gloves (non-latex)

• Flashlight
• Gauze bandage (1 inch and 2 inch widths)
• Ice bags
• Disposable towels.

Pocket mask/face shield for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

Sterile adhesive compresses (1 inch x 3 inches), individually packaged

• Sterile cotton tipped applicators, individually packaged
• Sterile gauze squares (2 inches x 2 inches; 3 inches x 3 inches), individually packaged

Tongue blades

Two crepe rollers

• Scissors
• Tweezers
• Cotton wool

Non alcoholic wound cleaning wipes

Adhesive tape

• Notepad, pencil and tags
• For outdoor activities blanket, survival bag, torch and whistle

Thermometer

Principles of First Aid

• First aid Priorities
• Assess the Situation
• Observe what has happened quickly and calmly
• Look for danger to yourself and casualty

Never put yourself at risk

Principles of First Aid Cont…

• Make the Area Safe
• Protect the casualty from danger
• Be aware of your limitation
• Triage the patient

Asses all casualties and identify the priority of care using TRIAGE system as follows;

Principles of First Aid Cont…

• Red Tag: Patient need Immediate care (Life Threatening injury), treat as you find

Yellow Tag: Patient needs medical care or attention within 30 minutes

Principles of First Aid Cont…

Green Tag: no need of Treatment, Can kept be kept under reassurance of Health Care professional to alleviate anxiety and allow them to relax before discharge Black Tag: Deceased (No sign of Life)

Principles of First Aid Cont…

Primary Survey

• Airway: Asses the airway, if obstructed, open using the following techniques
• Head tilt – chin lift maneuver
• Jaw thrust maneuver

NB: Keep neck in neutral position if cervical spine injury suspected

Principles of First Aid Cont…

• Breathing: Look, listen, and feel for adequacy in breathing

If inadequate breathing consider artificial ventilation by using Bag Valve Mask (BVM)

Principles of First Aid Cont…

• Circulation: Check for pulse, capillary refill, signs of active bleeding
• Stop bleeding by applying pressure at the bleeding site
• Establish IV access, two large bore cannula is recommended (14G, 16G, or 18G)

Administer IV fluid if available

Principles of First Aid Cont…

• Disability: Assess level of consciousness using (AVPU)
• A – patient is Awake
• V – patient response to Verbal stimuli
• P – patient response to Painful stimuli

U – Unresponsive

Principles of First Aid Cont…

Exposure

Undress the patient to examine other parts of the body but maintain privacy, body temperature and Immobilization the neck and spine inline to avoid secondary injury

Principles of First Aid Cont…

Get Help

Quickly ensure that any necessary specialist help has been summoned and is on its way NB: Reassessment of ABC's must be undertaken immediately if patient condition deteriorates

Key points

First aid is the initial assistance or treatment given to someone who is injured or suddenly taken ill Perform Triage to prioritize care by treating those with life threatening conditions first Purposes of first aid includes:

Save life, Prevent further injury, Alleviate suffering and Promote recovery

Session Evaluation

• What are the purpose of first aid?
• What are tools or equipment in the first aid kit?

What are the first aid priorities?

References

Primary Trauma Care Foundation. (2010). Primary care trauma manual: A manual for trauma management in district and remote locations. Retrieved from http://www.primarytraumacare.org Bowden. D.F, Halliwell.D, McMahon.R.M (2007). Emergence care and first aid for nurses: A practical guide. (1st ed), Churchill Livingstone: Elsevier Limited

References Cont…

St. Andrew’s Ambulance Association. (2001). First aid manual: Emergency procedure for everyone at home, at work, at leisure (7th ed.). London: Dorling Kindersley. supplies