Review of Study Types/Designs
Session 12: Review of Study Types/Designs
Total Session Time: 120 minutes
Prerequisites
None
Learning Tasks
By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Resources Needed
Flip charts, marker pens, and masking tape
Black/white board and chalk/whiteboard markers
Computer and LCD Projector
SESSION OVERVIEW
Activity/
Step Time Content
Method
1 05 minutes Presentation Introduction, Learning Tasks
Presentation
2 40 minutes Study Types Most Used in Research
Brainstorming
Presentation Uses and Limitation of Study Types most Used in
3 35 minutes
Buzzing Research
4 15 minutes Presentation Influence of Study Design on the Validity and
Reliability of the Study Result
10 minutes Presentation
5 Identification of the Most Appropriate Study Design
for Research Proposal being developed
6 05 minutes Presentation Key Points
7 05 minutes Presentation Evaluation
8 05 minutes Presentation Assignment
___________________________________________________________________________
PST 06210 Operational Research NTA Level 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide 98
SESSION CONTENTS
STEP1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)
READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify
ASK students if they have any questions before continuing
STEP 2: Study Types Most Used in Research (10 minutes)
Activity: Brainstorming (10 minutes)
Ask students to brainstorm on the following question:
What study types are mostly used in research?
ALLOW few students to respond?
WRITE their responses on the flip chart/ board
CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below
REFER SESSION 6
STEP 3: Uses and Limitation of Each Study Type Most Used in Research
(10 minutes)
Activity: Buzzing (5 minutes)
ASK students to pair up and buzz on the following question for 2 minutes
ALLOW few pairs to respond and let other pairs to add on points not mentioned
WRITE their response on the flip chart/board
CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content in SESSION 6
___________________________________________________________________________
PST 06210 Operational Research NTA Level 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide 99
___________________________________________________________________________
PST 06210 Operational Research NTA Level 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide
100
STEP 4: Influence of Study Design on the Validity and Reliability of the
Study Result (15 minutes)
intend to
measure (your conclusions are true).
o Internal validity: Difference in the dependent variable is actually a result of the
o independent variable.
o External validity: Results of the study are generalizable to other groups and
environments outside the experimental setting.
circumstances
should be able to obtain the same findings (your findings are repeatable).
o Reliability (repeatability) refers to the possibility to replicate (repeat) the
observations
and is related to the precision of the instrument used for scientific
observations.
o Validity refers to the soundness of the observations and to the accurateness
of the data collected by the research method/instrument.
STEP 5: Identification of the Most Appropriate Study Design for Research
(10 Minutes)
Consider:
o Nature of the problem/topic
o State of knowledge about the problem/topic
o Resources available
o Skills of the researcher
STEP 6: Key Points (5 minutes)
A descriptive study involves describing the characteristics of a particular situation, event
or case
___________________________________________________________________________
PST 06210 Operational Research NTA Level 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide
101
An analytical study attempts to establish causes or risk factors for certain problems
Any study designs used, should give valid and reliable findings
STEP 7: Evaluation (5 minutes)
What study types are most used in research?
What will you consider when selecting study design for research proposal?
STEP 8: Assignment (5 minutes)
Activity: Take Home Individual Assignment (5 minutes)
ASK each student to select an appropriate study type/design for a research proposal being
developed
ALLOCATE time for students to do the assignment and submit
REFER students to recommended reference
___________________________________________________________________________
PST 06210 Operational Research NTA Level 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide
102
References
Hardon A, Boonmongkon P, and Streefland P. et al (2001). Applied Health research,
Anthropology of health and health care, (3rd Ed) Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Het
Spinhuis Publishers
Beaglehole R, Bonita R and Kjellstrom (1993) Basic epidemiology: Geneva, Switzerland:
World Health Organization,
Kothari C.R (1985). Research Methodology – Methods and techniques, (2nd ed); New Delhi,
India; Wiley Eastern Limited
Stewart A (2001). Basic Statistics and epidemiology, A practical guide,; London, United
Kingdom: Radcliffe Medical Press,
Varkevisser, C. M, Pathmanathan, I and Brownlee, A (1991). Designing and Conducting
Health Systems Research Projects, Vol. 2 Part I: Ottawa, Canada: IDRC
___________________________________________________________________________
PST 06210 Operational Research NTA Level 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide
103
Unataka kutumiwa notes hizi kupitia WhatsApp?Kwa notes zilizopangiliwa vizuri kwa kusoma offline au PDF, bonyeza kitufe hapa chini. Ujumbe wenye Level, Semester, Module na Topic utaandaliwa moja kwa moja.TUMIWA NOTES WHATSAPP