Pharmacotherapy of Aspiration Pneumonia and Pneumonia in Cattle and Goat
PST 06107
Basic Veterinary Pharmacology
Session 15:
Pharmacotherapy of Aspiration Pneumonia and Pneumonia in Cattle and Goat
Learning Tasks
By
the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Define Aspiration Pneumonia and Pneumonia in Cattle and Goat
List signs and symptoms of Aspiration Pneumonia and Pneumonia in Cattle and Goat
Explain the pharmacological treatment of Aspiration Pneumonia and Pneumonia in Cattle and Goat
Explain the control and prevention of Aspiration Pneumonia and Pneumonia in Cattle and Goat
Activity: Buzzing
What
is Pneumonia in
Cattle
?
Definition of Pneumonia in Cattle and Goat
Pneumomnia
is an inflammation of the pulmonary parenchyma usually accompanied by inflammation of the bronchioles and often by pleurisy
Important pathogens that cause pneumonia in cattle are;
Mannheimia
haemolytica
serotype A
,
Haemophilus
somnus
,
P.
multocida
,
Mycobacterium
bovis
,
Mycoplasma
mycoides
subspecies
mycoides
small colony type,
Parainfluenza
virus 3,
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus,
Bovine
herpes virus 1
Signs and Symptoms of Aspiration Pneumonia in Cattle and Goat
It
is manifested clinically by an increase in respiratory rate, cough, abnormal breath sounds on auscultation and, in most bacterial pneumonias, by evidence of toxemia.
Bronchopnemonia
is usually accompanied by a moist, painful cough; interstitial pneumonia is characterized by frequent, hacking coughs, often in paroxysms.
The presence of nasal discharge depends on accompanying inflammation of the upper respiratory tract.
Pharmacological
treatment of Pneumonia in Cattle and Goat
Sulfamethazine
:
initial
maintenance
Ampicillin
trihydrate
Amoxicillin
trihydrate
Oxytetracycline
Tylosin
Activity:
Brainstorming
What are the prevention measures for Pneumonia in Cattle?
Prevention
and Control of Pneumonia in Cattle and Goat
Given
the multi-factorial nature of the disease, good calf pneumonia control programmes rely on implementing an appropriate vaccine strategy, alongside improvements to management practices to reduce the risk of disease
Provide appropriate calf housing with good ventilation; plenty of air, no draughts and
a well
bedded dry lying area
Prevent scour and manage outbreak properly if they occur
Prevention
and Control of Pneumonia in Cattle and Goat
Cont
…
Prevent BVD in the herd through culling and testing practices
Outdoor reared calves are generally at lower risk of pneumonia
Implement vaccination program.
Vaccines are available that will enhance protection against the common viral and some of the bacterial causes of pneumonia
Calves can be vaccinated from two weeks of age (i.e. IBR vaccine).
The vaccination program is two shots, four weeks apart
A booster dose should be given before the next risk period
Key Points
Several
species of bacteria have been isolated in Cattle, but the most commonly found species are
Mannheimia
haemolytica
. (Formerly known as
Pasteurella
haemolytica
),
P.
multocida
,
Histophilus
(Haemophilus)
somnus
and
Mycoplasma
spp.
M.
haemolytica
.
(P.
haemolytica
)
and
P.
multocida
are the most important bacteria involved in Cattle Pneumonia
.
Early recognition by trained personnel skilled at detecting the early clinical signs of disease followed by treatment with antibiotics is essential for successful therapy
Evaluation
What
is aspiration pneumonia?
What are the common signs and symptoms of pneumonia in cattle?
What is the pharmacological treatment of pneumonia in Cattle?
References
Riviere
J. E.,
Papich
M. G. (2009).
Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics
(9
th
Ed) Iowa, Wiley-
Blackwel
Publishers
Hsu
W. H. (2008).
Handbook of Veterinary Pharmacology
(1
st
Ed) Iowa, Wiley-
Blackwel
Publishers
Kuafmann
J, (1996).
Parasitic infections of domestic animals
, (2
nd
ed
).Berlin,
Birkhäuser
Verlag
Press
Hoare
E. W. (2013).
A manual veterinary therapeutics & pharmacology
(2
nd
ed
),New
York, Forgotten Books
Press
Maddison
. J. (
ed
) (2008).
Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology
, (2nd
ed
). Philadelphia, Saunders Elsevier Limited
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