Pharmacotherapy of Botulism and Calf Diphtheria in Cattle
PST 06107
Basic Veterinary Pharmacology
Session 5: Pharmacotherapy of Botulism and
Calfdiptheria
in Cattle
Learning Tasks
By
the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Define Botulism and Calfdiptheria in Cattle
List signs and symptoms of Botulism and Calfdiptheria in Cattle
Describe pharmacological treatment of Botulism and Calfdiptheria in Cattle
List contraindications of drugs used to treat Botulism and Calfdiptheria in Cattle
List common side effects and adverse effects of drugs used to treat Botulism and Calfdiptheria in Cattle
Describe control and prevention of Botulism and Calfdiptheria in Cattle
Definition of Botulism and
Calfdiptheria
in Cattle
This rapidly fatal motor paralysis is caused by ingestion of preformed toxin of
Clostridium botulinum
from decaying carcasses or vegetable materials such as decaying grass, hay,
grain, or spoiled silage.
Activity: Buzzing
What
is Botulism? ?
The following are the signs and symptoms of
Botulism
Decreased
tongue tone that protrudes out
Problems associated with deglutition and
prehension
of food,
Progressive muscular weakness until animals become recumbent in a parturient paresis-like posture,
Ataxia
and stumbling gait affecting the hind legs are commonly observed
paralysis of the muscles of the face, jaw and tongue
The following are the signs and symptoms of
Botulism Cont.….
U
nable
to eat or drink
T
ongue
hanging out of mouth and unable to control or withdraw the tongue
D
rooling
Paralysis of the eye lids or drooping eyelids, animals otherwise alert
Shallow and abdominal breathing
Sudden death with a high fatality rate in
unvaccined
cattle population.
Pharmacological treatment of Botulism in Cattle
Ruminal
Polyvalent anti-C and anti-D antisera
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity reactions
Common Side effects
Local lesions at the site of injection
Activity:
Brainstorming
What
are the prevention and control measures for
Botulism?
Prevention and Control of Botulism in Cattle
Correction
of
dietary
deficiencies
Botulism vaccination
Proper disposal of carcass.
Removal of decaying grass or spoiled silage from cattle feed
REFER Students to
Handout 5.1:
For pharmacotherapy of
Calfidiphtheria
,
Pharmacotherapy of
Calfdiptheria
in Cattle and Goat.
Key Points
Botulism
is a rapid onset, usually fatal disease caused by the botulinum toxin produced by the bacterium
Clostridium botulinum
Typical signs include
hindlimb
weakness progressing to paralysis, collapse and death
Common sources of toxin include animal carcasses, rotting organic material and poorly prepared silage
Treatment is rarely attempted but vaccines are available for disease prevention in cattle
Evaluation
What
is botulism
diasease
?
What are the common signs and symptoms of botulism?
What is the pharmacological treatment of botulism disease?
What are the control measures against anthrax disease?
References
Riviere
J. E.,
Papich
M. G. (2009).
Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics
(9
th
Ed) Iowa, Wiley-
Blackwel
Publishers
Hsu
W. H. (2008).
Handbook of Veterinary Pharmacology
(1
st
Ed) Iowa, Wiley-
Blackwel
Publishers
Kuafmann
J, (1996).
Parasitic infections of domestic animals
, (2
nd
ed
).Berlin,
Birkhäuser
Verlag
Press
Hoare
E. W. (2013).
A manual veterinary therapeutics & pharmacology
(2
nd
ed
),New
York, Forgotten Books
Press
Maddison
. J. (
ed
) (2008).
Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology
, (2nd
ed
). Philadelphia, Saunders Elsevier Limited
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