Counselling and Guidance Process
PST 06102
:
Counselling and Guidance
Session 8
: Counselling and Guidance Process
1
Learning
Tasks
By
the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Define
counselling and guidance process
Explain
stages of counselling process
Identify
factors that hinder effective counselling
2
What
is
counseling and guidance process?
3
Definition of Counselling and Guidance Process
The counseling process often takes time, it is probably not realistic to expect that
clients‘ problems
will be solved after one or two sessions, because counseling is a process, it is wise
to give
it a few weeks before you decide it is not working for
a client
.
There
are time when a client may have a very specific questions or concern that can be
resolved quickly
in one or two sessions, something may have been troubling client for months or even
for years
, in that case, it may take a longer time to build a trusting relationship with counsellor
and to
resolve problem, client and counsellor can talk over what client‘s goals for counseling are
and how
long it will take client to achieve these goals
4
Definition of Counselling and Guidance Process
Guidance
is the process of assisting the individual to choose, to prepare, to enter upon
and progress
in course of action pertaining to the educational, vocational, health, recreational
and community
services, it is a process of helping individuals through their own efforts to
discover and
develop their potentialities both for personal happiness and social usefulness.
Guidance
as a concept guidance is concerned with the optimal development of the
individual and
guidance as a process guidance helps the individual in self- understanding
ones strengths and
limitations and in self-direction (ability to solve problems, make choices and decision
on ones
own.
5
What
are the stages of
counseling process?
6
Stages of the Counselling Process
In order to counsel a patient effectively, the counsellor needs to have a variety of skills and
work with
the patient through different steps. Most of these steps and skills fall under the umbrella of
four main
stages in the counseling process. These four stages are detailed below.
1.
Relationship
Building
Rather
than telling patients about a subject, counsellors first ask patients what they know
or what
they have heard, and correct their misperceptions through discussion.
Establishes
rapport
Establishing
rapport should be the very first step in starting a relationship. If the
patient does
not trust the counsellor, s/he may be reluctant to discuss lifestyle issues
or
behaviours
. Establishing rapport serves to open communication between the
counsellor and
the patient.
7
1.
Relationship
Building
Greets
the patient and makes him or her feel welcome
Establishes
the reason the patient has come
Confirms
what the counsellor can and cannot do
Assures
the patient of confidentiality
Sets
the rules for the session (e.g. time)
Uses
language at a level that the patient can understand
8
2. Exploration
The patient shares his or her own feelings and views about the problem at hand. The
counsellor listens
, encouraging the patient to express his or her main concerns. The counsellor gives time
for the
patient to tell their stories, so the counsellor can understand the issues and see things the way
the patient
sees things.
The
counsellor listens carefully
The
counsellor asks questions so the patient will provide more information
The
patient leads the discussion, and not the
counselor
9
3. Understanding
The
counsellor helps the patient to understand some of the concerns that patient
has discussed
. The counsellor helps to draw conclusions, and to interpret the information.
The
counsellor listens to the patient and interprets some of the information the patient
has given
The
counsellor might help the patient to understand some of the patient‘s attitudes
or actions
that could be creating challenges
The
counsellor also sees how ready or able the patient is to change those attitudes
and actions
10
3. Action
Plan
Counsello
r
uses information the patient has provided, and information about what the
patient is
able and willing to do about the issue of concern to talk about concrete steps the
patient will
take
The
pair collaborates in creating a plan for action
The
pair discusses available resources to support the plan and can plan for the next session
11
The Outcomes of Counselling
The results or resolutions of a counselling process aim to enable the patient to:
Make
some of the changes that he/she wants in life
Develop
positive relationships and explore his or her potential
Cope
with painful situations, like death, terminal illness and disability
Outcomes
of Effective Counseling
;
When
counseling is effective, patients:
Develop
a greater awareness of their problems
Create
new responses to old issues
Develop
a relationship with the person providing the counselling
Are
more likely to return to the clinic for additional care and treatment
12
Factors that Hinder Effective Counselling
Language barrier
Lack
of counseling skills
Personality/attitude
of counselor
Cultural
relationship and social economic differences
Lack
of trust and confidence between counselor and counselee
Unrealistic
expectations of patients/clients
13
Key points
The counseling process often takes time, it is probably not realistic to expect that
clients‘ problems
will be solved after one or two sessions, because counseling is a process, it is wise
to give
it a few weeks before you decide it is not working for client.
Effective
Counselling , is private, confidential, and respectful, views the patient as the expert
on his
or her own life, respects that patients come to counselling with great, strengths
and knowledge
upon, which to build, doesn‘t tell the patient what to do, and never forces the
patient to
do something
enable the
patient to, make some of the changes that he/she wants in life, develop positive
relationships and
explore his or her potential, cope with painful situations, like death, terminal illness
and disability
14
Evaluation
What are the stages of counseling process?
What
are the guidance processes?
15
Reference
Angotti
N, et al. (2009) Increasing the acceptability of HIV counseling and testing with three
C‟s: convenience
, confidentiality and credibility. Thailand
MM,
Ostermann
J, Crump JA, (2010).Characteristics of HIV voluntary counseling and
testing clients
before and during care and treatment scale-up .Moshi, Tanzania.
Beardsley RS, et al.( 2007) Privacy as a factor in patient counseling. Journal of the
American Pharmacists
Association.
16
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