Cultivation of medicinal plants
Session 12: Cultivation of medicinal plants
Total Session Time: 120 minutes
Prerequisites
Learning Tasks
By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Resources Needed:
SESSION OVERVIEW
|Step |Time |Activity/ |Content |
| | |Method | |
|1 |05 minutes |Presentation |Introduction, Learning Tasks |
|2 |20 minutes |Presentation |Classification of Medicinal Plants|
| | |Buzzing | |
|3 |30 minutes |Presentation |Cultivation of Medicinal Plants |
| | |Brainstorming | |
|4 | | |Factors Affecting Cultivation of |
| |25 minutes |Presentation |Medicinal Plants |
|5 |20 minutes |Presentation |Plant Breeding Methods |
|6 |05 minutes |Presentation |Key Points |
|7 |05 minutes |Presentation |Evaluation |
|8 |10minutes |Presentation |Assignment |
SESSION CONTENTS
STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)
READ or ASK students to read the learning objectives and clarify
ASK students if they have any questions before continuing.
STEP 2: Classification and Nomenclature of Medicinal Plants (20 minutes)
o Alphabetical Classification
names of the medicinal plant
interrelationships between drugs e.g. in Pharmacopoeias
o Taxonomic Classification
are obtained
species
o Morphological Classification
classification
o For instance, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, wood, barks,
rhizomes & roots
o For instance, dried lattices, extracts, gums, resins, oils, fats and
waxes
o Pharmacological or therapeutic Classification
most important constituents or their therapeutic uses, e.g.
cardiotonic drugs, CNS stimulants, Muscle relaxants, etc.
o Chemical or Biogenetic Classification
e.g. alkaloids, glycosides, volatile oils
o The binomial system founded by the Swedish biologist Linnaeus is used
o The first name (genus name) starts with a capital letter and the
second name (species) begins with a small letter
o Genus and species names may be followed by author’s name who first
described the species or variety. e.g. Artemisia cina Berg.,
Caryophyllos aromaticus L
o Sometimes, species name is derived from author’s name, e.g. Cinchona
Ledgeriana after Charles Ledger
o The species name usually indicates certain characteristics of the
plant e.g.
o The generic name may indicate certain characters of the plant e.g.
STEP 3: Cultivation of Medicinal Plants (30 minutes)
plants
ginger, cinnamon and opium
o Sparse distribution e.g. Sceletium tortuosum. Potentially difficult to
transport plant to area of processing
o Difficult access (e.g. forests, mountains etch)
o Collector ignorance leads to admixture of other plants, collection of
undesired plant parts or stage of development or during an incorrect
season ( loss of medicinal activity.
o Damage to natural environment which leads to extinction of a species.
|Activity: Brainstorming (5 minutes) |
| |
|Ask students to brainstorm on the following question: |
| |
|What are the advantages of cultivation of medicinal plants? |
| |
|ALLOW few students to respond? |
| |
|WRITE their responses on the flip chart/ board |
| |
|CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below |
o Only desired species are collected therefore uniform quality.
o Collection, transport and access to processing facilities is improved.
o Better control of soil quality, pests and plant disease.
o Supply: Constant and Regular (Controlled)
o Collectors are trained
STEP 4: Factors Affecting Cultivation of Medicinal Plants (25 minutes)
o Temperature
metabolism of the plants
Tropical and Sub-tropical plants in temperate regions
weather (winter)
o Very hot days lead to a physical loss of oil
o Rainfall
plants
substances such as glycosides, tannins, flavonoids and some
volatile oils through leaves and roots
o Day-length (sunlight)
plant
are greatly affected by amount of sunlight
gives high content of alkaloids than does shade
e.g. Nicotiana
o Radiation
plants grown in glass houses have less phenols and terpenoids
in the leaves (flavonoids, volatile oils)
o Latitude and Altitude
altitude
higher altitude
(100 – 200 M)
unsaturated fat content.
o Soil Condition
effect growth of medicinal plants e.g.
o Allelopathy
each other, which may be either beneficial or harmful
of:
o Mutual dependant organisms (beneficial) symbiosis e.g. Urtica
dioica
o Destructive allelopathy antibiosis e.g. Belladonna growth is
inhibited when cultivated next to mustard
o Drying & storage methods of drugs
STEP 5: Plant Breeding Methods (20 minutes)
o Selection
o Hybridization
o Transgenic medicinal plants
o Individual plants showing the most desirable characteristics are chosen
and interbred
o Second population has improved quality
o Improved growth rate, ]
o Disease resistance
o Winter hardiness
o Increased yield of medicinal actives
o Mating of different species or varieties to produce a hybrid progeny,
different from both parents (incorporating desired characteristics).
E.g. Mentha piperita and M. spicata are naturally occurring hybrids
o Genetic Engineering: Recombinant DNA
another
from one organism to another
o Seed
influence germination, higher plants need soaking before germination
(water/acid)
o Vegetatively
o By division
point
o Runners
o Stolons
o Cuttings
o Grafting
o Fermentation
o Inoculation
o Cell culture
STEP 6 Key Points (5 minutes)
medicinal plants
transgenic medicinal plants
post-collection factors
STEP 7: Evaluation (5 minutes)
STEP 8: Assignment (10 minutes)
|Activity: Take home Assignment (10 minutes) |
| |
|DIVIDE students in groups or individual. |
| |
|ASK the students to work on the following assignment |
| |
|Explain the importance of plant as a major source of drugs |
|ALLOCATE time for students to do the assignment and submit |
| |
|REFER students to recommended references |
References
Trease, G. E., Evans, W. C., & Evans, D. (2009). Trease and Evans
pharmacognosy. London: Saunders.
Joanne Barnes et al (2002), Herbal medicines 3rd Edition: Pharmaceutical
Press
Wallis, T. E. (2005). Textbook of pharmacognosy. New Delhi: CBS.
Robbers, J. E., Speedie, M. K., Tyler, V. E., & Tyler, V. E. (1996).
Pharmacognosy and pharmacobiotechnology. Baltimore: Williams &
Wilkins.
Heinrich, M., Kinghorn, A. D., Maizels, D., Gibbons, S., & Phillipson, J.
Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier.
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