NTA Level 5 • Semester 1 • PST05103

Pharyngitis

Pharmaceutical Microbiology • Source Session/Topic 10

Full source-text version: all educational wording from the extracted learning source is retained; only presenter/tutor metadata and web-layout noise are removed, while formatting is improved for readability.

Session 10: Pharyngitis

Total Session Time: 60 minutes

Pre-requisites

• Human anatomy and physiology

Students Learning Tasks

By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:

• Describe common pharyngitis (causative agents, transmission, signs and

symptoms)

• Describe treatment, prevention and control of pharingitis

Resources Needed:

• Flip charts, marker pens, and masking tape

• Black/white board and chalk/whiteboard markers

SESSION OVERVIEW

SESSION CONTENTS

STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)

READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify

ASK students if they have any questions before continuing

STEP 2: Cause and Transmission of Pharyngitis (15 minutes)

• Pharyngitis (or sore throat) is an inflammation of the pharynx involving

lymphoid tissues of the posterior pharynx and lateral pharyngeal bands

• Pharyngitis can be caused by bacterial, viral and fungal infections as

well as noninfectious etiologies such as smoking

• Most cases are due to viral infections and accompany a common cold or

influenza.

• Type A coxsackie viruses can cause a severe ulcerative pharyngitis in

children (herpangina), and adenovirus and herpes simplex virus, although

less common, also can cause severe pharyngitis

• Pharyngitis is a common symptom of Epstein-Barr virus and

cytomegalovirus infections.

• Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus or Streptococcus pyogenes is the

most important bacterial agent associated with acute pharyngitis and

tonsillitis

o These bacteria attach the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract

STEP 3: Signs and Symptoms of Pharyngitis (15 minutes)

• Pharyngitis usually presents with a red, sore, or “scratchy” throat

• Discomfort or pain in the throat, especially in the morning

• Sensation of foreign body in the throat

• An inflammatory exudate or membranes may cover the tonsils and tonsillar

pillars

o Cough

• Vesicles or ulcers may also be seen on the pharyngeal walls

• Depending on the pathogen, fever and systemic manifestations such as

malaise, myalgia, or headache may be present

• Anterior cervical lymphadenopathy is common in bacterial pharyngitis and

difficulty in swallowing may be present.

STEP 4: Treatment, Prevention and Control of Pharyngitis (15 minutes)

• Symptomatic treatment e.g. Paracetamol to control fever is recommended

for viral pharyngitis

• The exception is herpes simplex virus infection, which can be treated

with acyclovir if clinically warranted or if diagnosed in

immunocompromised patients

• The specific antibacterial agents will depend on the causative organism,

but penicillin G is the therapy of choice for streptococcal pharyngitis

• Warm saline gargle (especially in the morning) is also useful to sooth

and relieve discomfort

• Mycoplasma and chlamydial infections respond to erythromycin,

tetracyclines and the new macrolides

• \Preventive measures include personal hygiene

STEP 5: Key Points (5 minutes)

• Pharyngitis is an inflammation of the pharynx involving lymphoid tissues

of the posterior pharynx and lateral pharyngeal bands

• Pharyngitis can be caused by bacterial, viral and fungal infections as

well as noninfectious etiologies such as smoking

• Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus or Streptococcus pyogenes is the

most important bacterial agent associated with acute pharyngitis and

tonsillitis

• Pharyngitis usually presents with a red, sore, or “scratchy” throat

STEP 6: Evaluation (5 minutes)

• What is sore throat?

• How is sore throat treated?

• How is pharyngitis transmitted?

References

Hugo and Russell (2011), Pharmaceutical Microbiology 8th Edition, Willey-

Blackwel publications

Karen C. Carroll et al (2013); Jawetz, Melnick and Adelberg’s Medical

Microbiology 26th Ed. McGraw Hill Co. Inc.

Greenwood et al (2012); Medical Microbiology, 18th edition Churchill

Livingston

← Previous Topic Next Topic →View all Pharmaceutical Microbiology topics Open Complete Full Notes

PDF / OFFLINE NOTES

Unataka kutumiwa notes hizi kupitia WhatsApp?Kwa notes zilizopangiliwa vizuri kwa kusoma offline au PDF, bonyeza kitufe hapa chini. Ujumbe wenye Level, Semester, Module na Topic utaandaliwa moja kwa moja.TUMIWA NOTES WHATSAPP

WhatsApp: 255620339260