Description of Adrenal Hormones and Synthetic Substitutes
Session 32: Description of Adrenal Hormones and
Synthetic Substitutes
Total Session Time: 120 minutes
Prerequisites
Learning Tasks
By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Resources Needed:
SESSION OVERVIEW
Activity/
Step Time Content
Method
1 05 minutes Presentation Introduction, Learning Tasks
Presentation/ Indications of Adrenal Hormones and
2 25 minutes
Buzzing Synthetic Substitutes
Presentation/ Contraindications of Adrenal Hormones and
3 10 minutes
Brainstorming Synthetic Substitutes
Dose, Dosage and Course of Adrenal
4 30 minutes Presentation
Hormones and Synthetic Substitutes
Presentation/ Side Effects and Adverse Effects of Adrenal
5 20 minutes
Brainstorming Hormones and Synthetic Substitutes
Interactions and Precautions of Adrenal
6 20 minutes Presentation
Hormones and Synthetic Substitutes
7 05 minutes Presentation Key Points
8 05 minutes Presentation Evaluation
PST 04211 Basic Pharmacology NTA Level 4 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide
198
SESSION CONTENTS
STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)
READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify
ASK students if they have any questions before continuing.
STEP 2: Indications of Adrenal Hormones and Synthetics Substitutes
(25minutes)
Activity: Buzzing (5 minutes)
ASK students to pair up and buzz on the following question for 2 minutes
practice?
ALLOW few pairs to respond and let other pairs to add on points not mentioned
WRITE their response on the flip chart/board
CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below
o Suppression of inflammatory condition
o Suppression of allergic condition
o Patients with raised intracranial pressure
o Patients with cerebral edema
o Stimulation of lung maturation in the fetus
o Rheumatoid disease
o In treating asthma
o In suppression of inflammatory condition
o Suppression of allergic disorder
o Inflammatory bowel disease
o Rheumatoid disease
o In treating asthma
o Suppression of inflammatory condition
o In treating hemorrhoids
o In management of shock eg anaphylactic shock
o Rheumatoid disease
PST 04211 Basic Pharmacology NTA Level 4 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide
199
o Used in inflammatory and pruritus skin conditions
STEP 3: Contraindications of Adrenal Hormones and Synthetic Substitutes
(10 minutes)
Activity: Brainstorming (5 minutes)
Ask students to brainstorm on the following question:
ALLOW few students to respond
WRITE their responses on the flip chart/ board
CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below
o Patient with peptic ulcer
o Heart disease
o Systemic infections
o Hypertension with heart failure
o In infection such varicella, psychosis, diabetes, osteoporosis or glaucoma
STEP 4: Dose, Dosage and Course of Adrenal Hormones and Synthetic
Substitutes (30 minutes)
children
o Intravenous or intramuscular 100-500mg,3-4 times in 24 hours in adults
o or in children, up to 1 year 25mg,1-5 years 50mg,6-12 years 100mg
o Intramuscular injection prednisolone acetate 25-100mg once or twice weekly
PST 04211 Basic Pharmacology NTA Level 4 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide
200
STEP 5: Side Effects and Adverse Effects of Adrenal Hormones and
Synthetic Substitutes (20 minutes)
Activity: Brainstorming (5 minutes)
Ask students to brainstorm on the following question:
substitutes?
ALLOW few students to respond
WRITE their responses on the flip chart/ board
CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below
includes:
o Hypertension
o Sodium and water retention
o Potassium and calcium loss
o Osteoporosis
o Diabetes
o Muscle wasting
o Peptic ulceration or perforation
o Gastrointestinal effects : dyspepsia
o Abdominal distension, acute pancreatitis, esophageal ulceration
o Musculoskeletal effects: muscle weakness, vertebral and long bone fracture, tendon
rupture
o Endocrine effects: menstrual irregularities, hirsutism, weight gain, increased appetite
o Neuropsychiatric: insomnia, aggregation of epilepsy
o Skin : urticaria, skin atrophy, bruising
STEP 6: Interactions and Precautions of Adrenal Hormones and Synthetic
Substitutes (20 minutes)
o Interactions do not generally apply to corticosteroids used for topical action
(including inhalation)
o Corticosteroids antagonize hypertensive effects of:
ACE inhibitors
Adrenergic neuron blockers
Alpha blockers
o Corticosteroids increases risk of gastro-intestinal bleeding when given with NSAIDs
PST 04211 Basic Pharmacology NTA Level 4 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide
201
o Corticosteroids may enhance or reduce anticoagulant effects of coumarins
o Metabolism of corticosteroids is accelerated by carbamazepine, phenytoin, primidone,
barbiturates
o Corticosteroids antagonizes effects of:
Diuretics
Calcium channel blockers
o Adrenal hormones and synthetics substitute oral or parenteral preparation should be
taken with caution in patients with renal impairments
o Adrenal hormones and synthetics substitute should be used with caution in pregnant
and breastfeeding mothers
o Adrenal hormones and synthetics substitute oral or parenteral preparation should be
taken with caution in patients with hepatic impairments
o Adrenal hormones and synthetics substitute oral or parenteral preparation should be
taken with caution in patients with:
Glycosuria
Hyperglycaemia
Hypertension
hidden infection
Step 7: Key Points (5minutes)
condition and suppression of allergic condition
ulcer, heart diseases and severe systemic diseases
adrenergic neuron blockers
STEP 8: Evaluation (5minutes)
drugs?
drugs?
drug?
PST 04211 Basic Pharmacology NTA Level 4 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide
202
References
Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach (9th ed.). New York, McGraw-Hill
Education.
Ministry Of Health and Social Welfare. (2013). Standard Treatment Guidelines &
National Essential Medicines List Tanzania Mainland (4th ed.). Dar es salaam,
Tanzania government printers.
Sally S.R, & Jeanne C.S. (2000). Introductory Clinical Pharmacology (6th ed)
New York, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
School of Pharmaceutical sciences. (2011). Tanzania Pharmaceutical Handbook (2nd ed.).
Dar es Salaam, ARDHI University press.
PST 04211 Basic Pharmacology NTA Level 4 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide
203
Unataka kutumiwa notes hizi kupitia WhatsApp?Kwa notes zilizopangiliwa vizuri kwa kusoma offline au PDF, bonyeza kitufe hapa chini. Ujumbe wenye Level, Semester, Module na Topic utaandaliwa moja kwa moja.TUMIWA NOTES WHATSAPP
