Structure and Functions of the Male Reproductive System
Session 26: Structure and Functions of the Male Reproductive System
Total Session Time: 120 minutes
Prerequisites
Learning Tasks
By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Resources Needed:
SESSION OVERVIEW
|Step |Time |Activity/ |Content |
| | |Method | |
|1 |05 minutes |Presentation |Introduction, Learning Tasks |
|2 | |Presentation |Definition and composition of Male |
| |10minutes |Brain storming|Reproductive System |
|3 | 55minutes |Presentation |Structure and Functions of the Male |
| | |Small Group |Reproductive System |
| | |Discussion | |
|4 |40 minutes |Presentation |Spermatogenesis |
| | |Buzzing | |
|5 |05 minutes |Presentation |Key Points |
| 6 |05 minutes |Presentation |Evaluation |
SESSION CONTENTS
STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)
READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify
ASK students if they have any questions before continuing
STEP 2: Composition of Male Reproductive System (10 minutes)
|Activity: Brainstorming (5 minutes) |
| |
|Ask students to brainstorm on the following question: |
| |
|What is the composition of male reproductive system? |
| |
|ALLOW few students to respond |
| |
|WRITE their responses on the flip chart/ board |
| |
|CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below |
Male reproductive system: Is the genital system, reproductive system organs
and tissues involved in the production and maturation of gametes and in
their union and subsequent development as offspring.
and glands.
o Sperm are produced in the testes by a process of spermatogenesis and
are transported through the reproductive ducts: epididymis, ductus
deferens, ejaculatory duct, and urethra
o The reproductive glands produce secretions that become part of semen,
the fluid that is ejaculated from the urethra.
o These glands are the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and
bulbourethral glands.
STEP 3: Structures and Functions of Male Reproductive System
(55 minutes)
|Activity: Small Group Discussion ( 30 minutes) |
| |
|DIVIDE students into small manageable groups |
| |
|ASK students to discuss on the following question |
|What are the structures and functions of the male reproductive system? |
| |
|ALLOW students to discuss for 15 minutes |
| |
|ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not mentioned |
| |
|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the contents below |
Structures of the male reproductive system
Functions of the male reproductive system
o The testes are located in the scrotum, a sac of skin between the upper
thighs.
o Internally is divided in to lobes
o Each lobe contains several seminiferous tubules where spermatogenesis
takes place.
o Among the produced spermatogonia are sertoli cells which produce
inhibin hormone when stimulated by testosterone
o Between the loops of the seminiferous tubules are interstitial cells
which produce testosterone when stimulated by luteinizing hormone from
anterior pituitary gland
o Testosterone is responsible for maturation of sperm and secondary male
characteristics.
o It is a tube about 6m long that is coiled in the posterior surface of
each testis.
o Within it the sperm complete the maturation and their flagella become
functional.
o Smooth muscle of the wall of epididymis propels the sperm to dactus
deferens
o Extends from the epididymis in the scrotum on its own side into the
abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal.
o Spermatic cord is a connective tissue sheath that contains the ductus
deferens, testicular blood vessels, and nerves
o Inguinal canal is a natural weak spot where most of hernia is formed
in men.
o The smooth muscle layer of the ductus deferens contracts in waves of
peristalsis as part of ejaculation
o Each of the two ejaculatory ducts receives sperm from the ductus
deferens and the secretion of the seminal vesicle on its own side.
o Both ejaculatory ducts empty into the single urethra
o The paired seminal vesicles are posterior to the urinary bladder
o Their secretion contains fructose to provide an energy source for
sperm and is alkaline to enhance sperm motility.
o The duct of each seminal vesicle joins the ductus deferens on that
side to form the ejaculatory duct.
o A muscular gland just below the urinary bladder
o It surrounds the first inch of the urethra as it emerges from the
bladder
o The glandular tissue of the prostate secretes an alkaline fluid that
helps maintain sperm motility.
o The smooth muscle of the prostate gland contracts during ejaculation
to contribute to the expulsion of semen from the urethra
o They are located below the prostate gland and empties to the urethra
o Their alkaline secretion coats the interior of the urethra just before
ejaculation, which neutralizes any acidic urine that might be present.
o The urethra is the last of the ducts through which semen travels, and
its longest portion is enclosed within the penis.
o The penis is an external genital organ; its distal end is called the
glans penis and is covered with a fold of skin called the prepuce or
foreskin which is removed by surgical procedure of circumcision
o Within the penis are three masses of cavernous (erectile) tissue by
which the flow of blood to these masses through arteries cause penile
erection.
[pic] Figure
26.1: The male reproductive system Source: Scanlon,V.C. & Sandors, T
(2007).
STEP 4: Spermatogenesis (40 minutes)
|Activity: Small Group Discussion ( 30 minutes) |
| |
|DIVIDE students into small manageable groups |
| |
|ASK students to discuss on the following question |
|How sperm cells are produced? |
| |
|ALLOW students to discuss for 15 minutes |
| |
|ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not mentioned |
| |
|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the contents below |
o It is the process of meiosis as it takes place in the testes, the
site of sperm production.
o Within each testis are seminiferous tubules that contain
spermatogonia, which are stem cells that generate sperm.
o A spermatogonium divides by mitosis to form two cells, one of which
will remain in place as a stem cell, while the other differentiates
(specializes) to become a primary spermatocyte that will undergo
meiosis.
o Gamete formation is regulated by hormones
o Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary gland
initiates sperm production, and testosterone, secreted by the testes
when stimulated by luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior
pituitary, promotes the maturation of sperm.
o Inhibin, also produced by the testes, decreases the secretion of FSH
o For each primary spermatocyte that undergoes meiosis, four
functional sperm cells are produced.
o Sperm production begins at puberty (10 to 14years of age), and
millions of sperm are formed each day in the testes.
o Although sperm production diminishes with advancing age, there is
usually no complete cessation.
[pic]
Source: Scanlon,V.C. & Sandors,T (2007). Figure 26.2:
Spermatogenesis
[pic][pic]Refer students to Handout 26.1: The sperm cell and semen
STEP 5: Key Points (5 minutes)
ducts and glands
maturation of sperm and secondary male characteristics
cell produced id transported by the reproductive ducts which are
epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, and urethra
STEP 6: Evaluation (5 minutes)
References
Seeley, R. R., Stephens, T. D., &Tate, P. (2003). Anatomy and Physiology.
(5th ed.).Boston:
McGraw-Hill.
Standring, S. (2008). Grays’s Anatomy; the anatomical basis of clinical
practice.(40th ed.).
Elservier: Churchill Livingstone.
Thibodeau, G. A., & Patton, K. T. (1999). Anatomy & Physiology. Mosby:
Hoffman
Press, Inc.
Tortora, G.J & Derrickson, B (2009). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology
12th Edition,
USA, John Wiley & Sons Inc, USA
Waugh, A., & Grant, A. (2006). Ross and Willson Anatomy and physiology in
Health and
illness. China: Churchill Livingstone Elservier
|[pic] |Handout 26.1: The sperm cell and semen |
o The head contains the 23 chromosomes.
o On the tip of the head is the acrosome, which is similar to a
lysosome and contains enzymes to digest the membrane of an egg cell.
o Within the middle piece are mitochondria that produce ATP.
o The flagellum provides motility, the capability of the sperm cell to
move.
o It is the beating of the flagellum that requires energy from ATP.
o Sperm from the seminiferous tubules enter a tubular network called
the rete testis, and then enter the epididymis, the first of the
reproductive ducts.
prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands
o Its average pH is about 7.4.
o Each millilitre of semen contains about 100 million sperm cells.
[pic]
Source: Scanlon,V.C. & Sandors,T (2007). Figure 26.3: Sperm cell
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