NTA Level 4 • Semester 1 • PST04102

Identification of Patients with Vaginal Candidiasis

Disease Control and Prevention • Source Session/Topic 33

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Session 33: Identification of Patients with Vaginal Candidiasis

Total Session Time: 120 minutes + 2 hours Assignment

Prerequisites

• None

Learning Tasks

By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:

• Describe Cause(S) of Vaginal Candidiasis

• Describe Mode of Transmission of Vaginal Candidiasis

• Describe Major Signs And Symptoms of Vaginal Candidiasis

• Explain Treatment of Vaginal Candidiasis

• Explain Prevention and Control of Vaginal Candidiasis

Resources Needed

• Flip charts, marker pens, and masking tape

• Black/white board, chalk and whiteboard markers

• Computer and LCD Projector

SESSION OVERVIEW

SESSION CONTENTS

STEP1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)

READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify

ASK students if they have any questions before continuing

STEP 2: Causes of Vaginal Candidiasis (10 minutes)

|Activity: Buzzing (10 minutes) |

| |

|ASK students to pair up and buzz on the following question for 2 |

|minutes |

| |

|What causes vaginal candidiasis? |

| |

|ALLOW few pairs to respond and let other pairs to add on points not |

|mentioned |

| |

|WRITE their response on the flip chart/board |

| |

|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below |

• Candidiasis: A fungal infection, caused by yeast called candida albicans

• Candidiasis usually affects people with impaired body immunity e.g.

o Skin or mucosal membranes, including:

▪ oral cavity (thrush; seen around the mouth as white patches)

▪ pharynx or esophagus

▪ gastrointestinal tract

▪ urinary bladder

• Candida can be isolated from the vagina in a high proportion of women of

child bearing age, many of whom will have no symptoms

• Infection in the vagina, it is known as vulvo-vaginal candidiasis.

STEP 3: Mode of Transmission of Vaginal Candidiasis (20 minutes)

• Candidiasis is not sexually transmitted, although occasionally can be

spread from one

sexual partner to the other

o Partner of someone who has a yeast infection does not need treatment

• Candida can overgrow for many reasons including;

o Stress

o Pregnancy

o illnesses that affect the immune system may allow yeast to multiply

o Long term use of antibiotics and steroids.

• Women who have diabetes or HIV that is not controlled are at a higher

risk for

candidiasis

• Recurrent yeast infections is a common complaint in women with HIV

infection

STEP 4: Signs and Symptoms of Vaginal Candidiasis (20 minutes)

|Activity: Brainstorming (5 minutes) |

| |

|ASK students to brainstorm on the following question: |

| |

|What are the major signs and symptoms of vaginal candidiasis? |

| |

|ALLOW few students to respond |

| |

|WRITE their responses on the flip chart/ board |

| |

|CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below |

• Common signs and symptoms of Candida infections in women include:

o Itching and irritation in the vagina

o Redness, swelling, or itching of the vulva (the folds of skin outside

the vagina)

o A thick, white discharge that can look like cheese-like discharge

(curd-like

o Appearance) and is usually odourless, although it might smell like

bread or yeast.

o Pain or burning when urinating

o Pain or discomfort during sexual intercourse

STEP 5: Treatment of Vaginal Candidiasis (20 minutes)

• Topical; pessaries or creams containing one of the antifungal such as

clotrimazole,

miconazole and nystatin

• The following medicines are often used;

o Clotrimazole

o 1% cream

o 100 mg vaginal tablet at

o Miconazole

▪ 2% cream 5 gm intra-vaginally

▪ vaginal pessaries ,

o Nystatin 100,000-unit vaginal tablet, one per day

• Fluconazole for involvement of systemic or recurrent infection

STEP 6: Prevention and Control of Candidiasis (30 minutes)

|Activity: Group discussion (15 minutes) |

| |

|DIVIDEstudents into small manageable groups |

| |

|ASK students to discuss on the following question |

| |

|What are the prevention and control measures of vaginal candidiasis? |

| |

|ALLOW students to discuss for 10 minutes |

| |

|ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not mentioned |

| |

|WRITE their response on the flip chart/board |

| |

|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below |

• Keep the external genital area clean and dry

• Avoid irritating soaps, vaginal sprays and douches

• Change tampons and sanitary napkins frequently

• Wear loose cotton (rather than nylon) underwear that does not trap

moisture.

• Avoid prolonged use of antibiotics

• Control of diabetes mellitus minimizes the occurrence of candidiasis in

diabetic patients

STEP 7: Key Points (5 minutes)

• Candidiasis is a fungal infection, caused by yeast called candida

albicans

• The organism is also responsible for balanitis in men

• Women who have diabetes or HIV that isn't controlled are at a higher risk

for candidiasis

• Control of diabetes mellitus minimizes the occurrence of candidiasis in

diabetic patients

STEP 8: Evaluation (5 minutes)

• What is vaginal candidiasis?

• What are clinical features of vaginal candidiasis?

• What is the treatment is of vaginal candidiasis?

• What are the control and preventive measures of vaginal candidiasis?

STEP 9: Assignment (5 minutes)

|Activity: Take Home Assignment (5 minutes) |

| |

|DIVIDE students in groups or individuals |

| |

|ASK the students to work on the following Assignment |

|Prepare a presentation to be delivered to the class indicating |

|prevention and control of vaginal candidiasis. |

| |

|ALLOCATE time for students to do the assignments and submit |

| |

|REFER students to recommended references |

References

Cook, G. & Zumla, A. (2003). Manson’s Tropical Diseases. (21sted.). London:

Saunders Ltd.

Denyer, S. P. Hodges, N. A. & Gorman, S. P (2011) Ed. Hugo & Russell’s

Pharmaceutical Microbiology (8thed). Oxford: Willey-Blackwell publishing

Eshuis J, Manschot, P (1992). Communicable diseases, (1st ed). Nairobi:

AMREF

GoT (2004) National Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) Guidelines for

Healthcare Workers. Dar es Salaam: MOHSW

Nordberg, E., Kingondu, T., Mugambi, E., et al. (2008) Communicable

Diseases. (4thed.). Nairobi: AMREF.

GoT (2013) Standard Treatment Guidelines & National Essential Medicines

List (4thed). Dar es Salaam: MOHSW

GoT (2012) National Guidelines for Management of HIV and AIDS. (4thed) Dar

es Salaam: MOHSW/NACP

GoT (2007) National Guidelines for Management of Sexually Transmitted and

Reproductive Tract Infections (1sted). Dar es Salaam: MOHSW

Nordberg, E. (1999) Communicable Diseases, A Manual for Health Workers in

Sub-Saharan Africa, Nairobi: AMREF

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