NTA Level 4 • Semester 1 • PST04102

Identification of Patients with Amoebiasis

Disease Control and Prevention • Source Session/Topic 20

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Session 20: Identification of Patients with Amoebiasis

Total Session Time: 120 minutes + 2 hours Assignment

Prerequisites

• None

Learning Tasks

By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:

• Describe Causeof Amoebiasis,

• Describe Mode of Transmission of Amoebiasis

• Describe Major Signs and Symptoms of Amoebiasis

• Explain Treatment of Amoebiasis

• Explain Prevention and Control of Amoebiasis

Resources Needed

• Flip charts, marker pens, and masking tape

• Black/white board, chalk and whiteboard markers

• Computer and LCD Projector

SESSION OVERVIEW

|5 | 05 |Presentation |Treatment of Amoebiasis |

SESSION CONTENTS

STEP1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)

READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify

ASK students if they have any questions before continuing

STEP 2: Causes of Amoebiasis (5 minutes)

• Amoebiasis:

o An infection caused by the amoeba Entamoeba histolytica which is a

single-celled organism

o E. histolytica is often found in food or water contaminated with human

faeces.

• The main reservoir of E. histolytica is man

• A pathogenic intestinal amoeba is spread between humans by its cysts,

characterized by diarrhoea

• This infection can be fatal in infant and to older people with low

resistance

STEP 3: Mode of Transmission of Amoebiasis (10 minutes)

|Activity: Brainstorming (5 minutes) |

| |

|ASKstudents to brainstorm on the following question: |

| |

|What is the mode of transmission of Amoebiasis? |

| |

|ALLOW few students to respond |

| |

|WRITE their responses on the flip chart/ board |

| |

|CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below |

• The only infective form of E. histolytica is the cyst

• It is acquired by ingestion of cysts which is resistant to gastric acid

• Cysts are passed from person-to-person by the faecal oral route, by

fingers soiled with faeces either directly into the mouth or via food

• There have been cases of transmission through sexual contact

• The incubation period ranges from two weeks to many years

[pic]STEP 4: Signs and Symptoms of Amoebiasis (20 minutes)

• Infection with amoebae in most cases is asymptomatic

• The presenting features may be gradual, severe or fulminating, and

include:

o Gradual onset colitis

o Severe acute amoebic dysentery

Gradual Onset Colitis

• Present with:

o Mild intermittent diarrhoea

o Abdominal discomfort, usually progressing to bloody diarrhoea with

mucous.

o nausea,

o headache

o low grade fever

o Anorexia

Severe Acute Amoebic Dysentery

• Amoebic dysentery is a severe form of Amoebiasis

• The symptoms of amoebic dysentery include:

o Severe diarrhoea that contains blood or mucus

o Severe stomach pain

o loss of appetite

o Loss of weight

o Fever

o Chills

• Occasionally, the infection can spread through the bloodstream to other

parts of the body causing an amoebic abscess

STEP 5: Treatment of Amoebiasis (10minutes)

• Asymptomatic patients normally do not need treatment because in time

they clear the infection

• Drug of choice: Metronidazole

• Alternative drugs of choice: Tinidazole, Secnidazole

STEP 6: Prevention and Control of Amoebiasis (50 minutes)

|Activity: Group Discussion (15 minutes) |

| |

|DIVIDE students into small manageable groups |

| |

|ASK students to discuss on the following question |

| |

|What are the prevention and control measures of Amoebiasis? |

| |

|ALLOW students to discuss for 10 minutes |

| |

|ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not mentioned |

| |

|WRITE their response on the flip chart/board |

| |

|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below |

Prvention and control measures

• Early diagnosis and treatment

• Food handlers may need to be screened periodically during employment

• Drinking water should be boiled to kill the cysts

• Proper faecal and refuse disposal

• Washing hands after visiting the toilet, before eating and before

preparing food

• Foods should be well cooked and covered

• Health education on how the disease is transmitted

• Improvement of living standards

• Amoebiasis can be prevented by good hygiene and sanitary conditions

• Improve water supply and proper disposal of faeces

• Do not eat fresh fruit or vegetables which cannot be peeled before eating

• Make sure raw vegetables are washed thoroughly and cooked properly

STEP 7: Key Points (5 minutes)

• Amoebiasis is an infection caused by potentially pathogenic amoeba E.

histolytica

• Infection occurs through the faecal-oral transmission route

• In severe cases, the onset is more sudden, the patient is ill and toxic

with fever and signs of dehydration

• Treatment should cover both tissue parasites and parasites in the bowel

lumen

• Drug of choice for treatment of Amoebiasis is Metronidazole

STEP 8: Evaluation (5 minutes)

• What is the infective form of entamoeba histolytica?

• What are the clinical features of amoebiasis?

• What are the drugs used in treatment of amoebiasis?

• How can Amoebiasis be prevented and controlled?

STEP 9: Assignment (5 minutes)

|Activity: Take Home Assignment (5 minutes) |

| |

|DIVIDE students in groups or individuals |

| |

|ASK the students to work on the following Assignment |

|Write a presentation on how to handle the following so as to prevent |

|and control Amoebiasis: |

|Drinking Water |

|Food handlers |

|Sewage disposal |

|Write a presentation on transmission cycle of Amoebiasis |

| |

|ALLOCATE time for students to do the assignments and submit |

| |

|REFER students to recommended reference |

References

Cook, G. Zumla, A. (2003). Manson’s Tropical Diseases. (21sted.). London:

Saunders Ltd

Denyer, S. P. Hodges, N. A. & Gorman, S. P (2011) Ed.Hugo & Russell’s

Pharmaceutical Microbiology (8thed). Oxford: Willey-Blackwell publishing

Eshuis ,J, & Manschot, P. (1992). Communicable diseases,(1st ed). Nairobi:

AMREF

GoT (2004): National Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) Guidelines for

Healthcare Workers. Dar es Salaam: MOHSW

GoT (2013) Standard Treatment Guidelines & National Essential Medicines

List (4thed).

Dar es Salaam: MOHSW

Nordberg, E. R. (1999): Communicable Diseases, A Manual for Health Workers

in Sub-Saharan Africa, Nairobi: AMREF

Nordberg, E., Kingondu, T., & Mugambi, E., et al. (2008) Communicable

Diseases. (4th ed.). Nairobi: AMREF.

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