NTA Level 4 • Semester 1 • PST04102

Identification of Patients with Pneumonia

Disease Control and Prevention • Source Session/Topic 19

Full source-text version: all educational wording from the extracted learning source is retained; only presenter/tutor metadata and web-layout noise are removed, while formatting is improved for readability.

Session 19: Identification of Patients with Pneumonia

Total Session Time: 120 minutes + 2 hours Assignment

Prerequisites

• None

Learning Tasks

By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:

• Describe cause of pneumonia,

• Describe Mode of Transmission of Pneumonia

• Describe Major Signs and Symptoms of Pneumonia

• Explain Treatment of Pneumonia

• Explain Prevention and Control of Pneumonia

Resources Needed:

• Flip charts, marker pens, and masking tape

• Black/white board, chalk and whiteboard markers

• Computer and LCD Projector

SESSION OVERVIEW

|6 | 55 |Presentation |Prevention and Control of Pneumonia |

SESSION CONTENTS

STEP1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Task (5 minutes)

READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify

ASK students if they have any questions before continuing

STEP 2: Causes of Pneumonia (5 minutes)

Lower respiratory tract infections include infectious processes of the

lungs and bronchi,

for example pneumonia and bronchitis

Pneumonia

• Inflammatory condition of the lung caused by infection

Causes

• Virus

• Bacteria: Pneumococci, Streptococci, Staphylococci, Klebsiellae species

and Haemophillus influenzae

STEP 3: Mode of Transmission of Pneumonia (10 minutes)

|Activity: Brainstorming (5 minutes) |

| |

|ASK students to brainstorm on the following question: |

| |

|What are the modes of transmission of Pneumonia? |

| |

|ALLOW few students to respond |

| |

|WRITE their responses on the flip chart/ board |

| |

|CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below |

• Airborne from upper respiratory tract infection, especially influenza in

the elderly, HIV/AIDS, immunocompromised and measles and whooping cough

in children. These infections cause damage to the epithelium of the lungs

and so clear the way for bacterial superinfection

• Transmission is by droplet spread, direct oral contact or indirectly

through freshly infected articles

STEP 4: Signs and Symptoms of Pneumonia (10minutes)

|Activity: Buzzing (10 minutes) |

| |

|ASK students to pair up and buzz on the following question for 2 |

|minutes |

| |

|What are the signs and symptoms of Pneumonia? |

| |

|ALLOW few pairs to respond and let other pairs to add on points not |

|mentioned |

| |

|WRITE their response on the flip chart/board |

| |

|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below |

Signs and Symptoms

• Dry or productive Cough

• High Fever with malaise, headache and loss of appetite

• Chest pain

• Dyspnoea (difficult breathing)

• Respiratory distress

• Crepitation in the lungs

• Wheezing

STEP 5: Treatment of Pneumonia (20 minutes)

• Supportive care: Lower temperature by using analgesics, if wheezing

use bronchodilators, daily fluid maintenance(encourage breastfeeding

for children)

• Medicines

o Non-severe pneumonia: Cotrimoxazole, Amoxycillin

o Severe pneumonia: Benzyl-penicillin, Chloramphenicol, Gentamycin,

Ceftriaxone, Erythromycin and Azithromycin

STEP 6: Prevention and Control of Pneumonia (55 minutes)

|Activity: Group Discussion (15 minutes) |

| |

|DIVIDE students into small manageable groups |

| |

|ASK students to discuss on the following question |

| |

|What are the prevention and control measures of Pneumonia? |

| |

|ALLOW students to discuss for 10 minutes |

| |

|ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not mentioned |

| |

|WRITE their response on the flip chart/board |

| |

|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below |

• Control measures of lower respiratory tract infections are based on

general principles governing control of airborne diseases

• Immunisation to prevent diseases complicated by pneumonia such as

measles and whooping cough is important

• Mortality can be reduced by early diagnosis and treatment especially

in children and elderly

• Prompt adequate therapy started.

STEP 7: Key Points (5 minutes)

• Pneumonia is characterized by cough, fever and difficulty in breathing

• It occurs as a complication of upper respiratory infections

• Treatment will depend if it is a non-severe or severe condition

• Control depends on the control of primary diseases and on general

principles governing control of airborne diseases

• Mortality can be reduced by early diagnosis and treatment

STEP 8: Evaluation (5 minutes)

• What causes Pneumonia?

• What is the mode of transmission for pneumonia?

• What are the major signs and symptoms of pneumonia?

• What is the treatment of pneumonia?

• What are the prevention and control measures of pneumonia?

STEP 9: Assignment (5 minutes)

|Activity: Take Home Assignment (5 minutes) |

| |

|DIVIDE individual assignment |

| |

|ASK the students to work individually on the following Assignment |

|Explain preventive measures that you will take to control Pneumonia in |

|children and adults |

|ALLOCATE time for students to do the assignments and submit |

| |

|REFER students to recommended reference |

References

Cook, G.& Zumla, A. (2003). Manson’s Tropical Diseases. (21sted.). London:

Saunders Ltd

Denyer, S. P. Hodges, N. A. &Gorman, S. P (2011) Ed. Hugo & Russell’s

Pharmaceutical Microbiology (8thed). Oxford: Willey-Blackwell publishing

Eshuis J, &Manschot,P (1992). Communicable diseases,(1st ed). Nairobi:

AMREF

GoT (2004): National Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) Guidelines for

Healthcare Workers. Dar es Salaam: MOHSW

GoT (2013) Standard Treatment Guidelines & National Essential Medicines

List (4thed).

Dar es Salaam: MOHSW

Nordberg, E. (1999): Communicable Diseases, A Manual for Health Workers in

Sub-Saharan Africa, Nairobi: AMREF

Nordberg, E., Kingondu, T., & Mugambi, E., et al. (2008) Communicable

Diseases. (4thed.). Nairobi: AMREF

← Previous Topic Next Topic →View all Disease Control and Prevention topics Open Complete Full Notes

PDF / OFFLINE NOTES

Unataka kutumiwa notes hizi kupitia WhatsApp?Kwa notes zilizopangiliwa vizuri kwa kusoma offline au PDF, bonyeza kitufe hapa chini. Ujumbe wenye Level, Semester, Module na Topic utaandaliwa moja kwa moja.TUMIWA NOTES WHATSAPP

WhatsApp: 255620339260