NTA Level 4 • Semester 1 • PST04102

Identification of Patients with Common Cold

Disease Control and Prevention • Source Session/Topic 16

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Session 16: Identification of Patients with Common Cold

Total Session Time: 60 minutes + 1 hour Assignment

Prerequisites

• None

Learning Tasks

By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:

• Describe Cause of Common Cold,

• Describe Mode of Transmission of Common Cold

• Describe Major Signs and Symptoms of Common Cold

• Explain Treatment of Common Cold

• Explain Prevention and Control of Common Cold

Resources Needed

• Flip charts, marker pens, and masking tape

• Black/white board, chalk and whiteboard markers

• Computer and LCD Projector

SESSION OVERVIEW

SESSION CONTENTS

STEP1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Task (5 minutes)

READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify

ASK students if they have any questions before continuing

STEP 2: Causes of Common Cold (10 minutes)

An introduction to URTI

• Respiratory tract infection: A term used to describe infection of all

the parts of the body that are involved in helping a person to breathe

• Upper Respiratory Tract include the nose, sinuses, pharynx and trachea

• Respiratory tract infection can be divided into:

o Upper respiratory tract infection

o Lower respiratory tract infection

• Common upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) include:

o Common cold

o Sore throat – usually due to an infection of the pharynx

(pharyngitis)

o Tonsillitis – infection of the tonsils

o Sinusitis – infection of the sinuses

o Laryngitis – infection of the larynx

This session will deal with Common cold

Common cold (Coryza)

Cause: Is caused by a number of viruses which are spread by droplets and by

indirect transmission such as through freshly infected articles

(handkerchiefs)

STEP 3: Mode of Transmission of Common Cold (5 minutes)

• Droplet infection through talks, coughs, laughs, or sneeze discharges

• Causative microorganisms is carried in droplets from infected person to

another via respiratory tract

• Airborne disease spread more easily when there is overcrowding

STEP 4: Major Signs and Symptoms of Common Cold (5 minutes)

• Running nose and sneezing

• Fever

• Malaise

• Headache

• Running eye

• Nasal congestion

• Sore throat

• Cough

STEP 5: Treatment of Common Cold (10 minutes)

|Activity: Brainstorming (5 minutes) |

| |

|ASK students to brainstorm on the following question: |

| |

|What is the treatment of common cold? |

| |

|ALLOW few students to respond |

| |

|WRITE their responses on the flip chart/ board |

| |

|CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below |

• No effective treatment is available.Headache may be relieved by

analgesics

• Nasal congestion may temporarily be relieved by Ephedrine nose drop

STEP 6: Prevention and Control of Common Cold (10 minutes)

• Prevent droplet infection from being inhaled by others

• Improve ventilation for example building houses with adequate window to

allow natural air flow

• Avoid overcrowding e.g. building houses with enough space

• Isolation may be required for some conditions

• Health education about personal hygiene, such as:

o To cover the mouth when coughing and sneezing

o Use handkerchief or paper for disposal of nasal secretion and sputum

o Avoid to spit on the ground or outside the house

o Avoid sharing cigarettes, drinking bowels, or eating utensils

• Wearing of masks in the hospitals

• Immunization

STEP 6: Key Points (5 minutes)

• Among the common Upper Respiratory Tract infections includes Common cold

• Common cold is caused by viruses

• Treatment is symptomatic in most cases

• Prevention and control include improved ventilation, avoiding

overcrowding, personal hygiene and immunization

STEP 7: Evaluation (5 minutes)

• What is the cause of common cold?

• What is the mode of transmission for common cold?

• What are major signs and symptoms of common cold?

• What is the treatment for common cold?

• What are the prevention and control measures of common cold?

STEP 8: Assignment (5 minutes)

|Activity: Take Home Assignment (5 minutes) |

| |

|DIVIDE individual assignment |

| |

|ASK the students to work individually on the following Assignment |

|Prepare a presentation on how to prevent common cold in their location |

| |

|ALLOCATE time for students to do the assignments and submit |

| |

|REFER students to recommended reference |

References

Cook, G., & Zumla, A. (2003). Manson’s Tropical Diseases. (21sted.).

London: Saunders Ltd

Denyer, S. P., Hodges, N. A., Gorman, S. P., & Gilmore BF (2011)

(Eds.).Hugo & Russell’s Pharmaceutical Microbiology (8thed). Oxford: Willey-

Blackwell Publishing

Eshuis J., & Manschot, P (1992). Communicable Diseases,(1st ed). Nairobi:

AMREF

GoT (2004): National Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) Guidelines for

Healthcare Workers. Dar es Salaam: MOHSW

GoT (2013) Standard Treatment Guidelines & National Essential Medicines

List (4 ed). Dar es Salaam: MOHSW

Nordberg, E. (1999): Communicable Diseases, A Manual for Health Workers in

Sub-Saharan Africa, Nairobi: AMREF

Nordberg, E., Kingondu, T., & Mugambi, E., et al. (2008) Communicable

Diseases. (4th ed.). Nairobi: AMREF

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