Internet and Email Skills

MODULE: COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

Session 04:

• Apply internet and email skills in accessing medical records

Learning Objectives

• Describe terminologies related to internet
• Explain the advantages and disadvantages of using internet
• Search information using internet
• Download different files from the websites
• Create an email account and manage messages

Send file through Email

INTERNET

Can you remember a time when you could not tweet, post, email, blog, snap, streaming or like someone online?

• Many people today have grown up being able to do all of these things.
• But there was a time when none of this was possible.

What makes this possible today is what we call the Internet.

What Is the Internet?

The Internet is a global wide area network that connects computer systems across the world.

What is a network?

Refers to interconnected computing devices that can exchange data and share resources with each other.

The Internet is the most basic example of a Wide area network (WAN), connecting all computers together around the world.

Other types of network are:

Local area network (LAN) – Network that covers small geographical area like office, building or small college.

Metropolitan area network (MAN) – Network that covers large area like City , multiple cities or towns Virtual Private Network (VPN)

Creates a secure, encrypted connection between devices, allow them to communicate privately over a public network like the internet.

Types of network cont.……

• Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
• Is a LAN that uses wireless technology (like Wi-Fi) to connect devices.

Storage Area Network (SAN)

Is a high speed network that connects storage devices (like hard drives) to servers, enabling efficient data transfer and storage.

Internet connects millions of computers, webpages, websites, and servers together.

Using the internet we can send emails, photos, videos, messages to our loved ones.

If your device is connected to the Internet then only you will be able to access all the applications, websites, social media apps, and many more services.

Internet nowadays is considered as the fastest medium for sending and receiving information.

1.Hub

• 2.Switch
• 3.Router
• 4.Bridge
• 5.Gateway
• 6.Modem
• 7. Repeater
• 8.Access Point
• 9.Server
• 10.Computer

Here are the common network devices:

Difference between Internet and Intranet

• Generally, most people are confused between the internet and the intranet.
• While there are exist lots of differences to differentiate them.
• Intranet is the type of internet that is used privately.

It is a private network therefore anyone can’t access the intranet.

On the intranet, there is a limited number of users and it provides a piece of limited information to its users.

How do I connect to the Internet?

Once you've set up your computer, you may want to purchase Internet access so you can send and receive email, browse the Web, stream videos, and more.

There are three ingredients needed to access the Internet from a laptop or desktop computer:

• an ISP (Internet service provider)
• a modem and

a Web browser

Internet Service Provider

The term “internet service provider (ISP)” refers to a company that provides access to the internet to both personal and business customers ISPs make it possible for their customers to surf the web, shop online, conduct business, and connect with family and friends—all for a fee.

Examples of ISP in Tanzania are TTCL, Vodacom, Airtel e.t.c

Modem

Is a computer hardware device that converts data from a digital format into a format suitable for an analog transmission medium such as telephone or radio.

What is Web or WWW?

The World Wide Web (WWW), commonly known as the Web, is an information system enabling documents and other web resources to be accessed over the Internet.

The Web uses HTTP protocol to transmit data and share information.

Browsers are used to access Web documents, or Web pages and other web resources such as pictures, videos and audio

What is Browser?

• Is a software application used to access information on the World Wide Web( WWW)

Is application software for accessing websites.

Browsers are used on a range of devices, including desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones.

The most used browsers are Google chrome, Microsoft Edge, Mozilla Firefox, Opera mini, Safari, Brave, Netscape Navigator etc.

The purpose of a web browser is to fetch content from the World Wide Web or from local storage and display it on a user's device.

This process begins when the user inputs a Uniform Resource Locator (URL), such as https://www.mccohas.ac.tz, into the browser.

URL (UNIFORM RESOURCES LOCATOR)

• Is the pathname to display resources available on internet
• List the parts of URL
• Protocol name
• Host part
• Domain name

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Protocol

• Protocols are rules for exchanging data between computers.
• The protocol https:// is the most widely used Web protocol.

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Domain name (top level domain)

It is the name of the server where the resource is located.

www.mtv.com is an example of Server (Many URLs have additional parts specifying directory paths, file names, and pointers.) The last part of the domain name following the dot (.) is the domain code.

It identifies the type of organization. For example, .com indicates a commercial site.

The URL http:// www.mtv.com connects your computer to a computer that provides information about MTV.

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DOMAIN NAME

A domain name is the name of a computer, including the organization name, type of organization and the country in which the organization is located.

• Servers or host computers are arranged according to geographical location.
• All countries in the word have a country suffix, except the USA.
• For example, Tanzania’s country suffix is ‘’tz’’

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Domain name of a host computer includes

• Server name
• Organization name
• Type of organization
• Country name

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Example

• www.mccohas.ac.tz
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Server Name

• Organization
• Name
• Type of
• Organization

Country Name

Common Abbreviations in URLs

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• Abbreviations
• Meanings
• Ac
• Academic
• Co
• Company
• Com
• Commercial
• Edu
• Educational
• Gov /go
• Government
• mil
• Military
• Org/ or

Non Profit Organization

Internet Communications

E- Mail

Instant Messages

• Group Discussion i.e Forum example Jamii Forum
• Video Chatting i.e IMO, Whatsapp Video Calling
• Video Conferencing i.e Zoom, Skype

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Types of Internet service

The type of Internet service you choose will largely depend on which Internet service providers (ISPs) serve your area, along with the types of service they offer.

• Here are some common types of Internet service.
• Dial-up: use phone lines (very slow)
• DSL: use phone lines (faster than Dial-up)
• Cable: use Cable TV
• Satellite: use satellite

3G, 4G and 5G (Mobile): connects wirelessly through your ISP's network

Dial-up

DSL

Cable TV

Satellite

3G, 4G and 5G (Mobile)

Advantages of using internet

Communication: The speed of communication becomes faster which is obtained through the web. Families and friends can confine touch easily. The platform for products like SKYPE allows for holding a video conference with anyone within the world who also has access.

Abundant Information: Anyone can find information on almost any imaginable subject. Plenty of resources are often found through the program in minutes.

Inexhaustible Education: For instance, students can gain readily available help for his or her homework online.

Entertainment for everybody: Most folks love using our laptops, smartphones, and, tablets. The web is the big reason behind us spending such a lot of time on these gadgets.

Internet and Email Skills

Online Services and E-commerce: Many services of emails, online banking, online shopping, etc. are there. Free mail to anyone is definitely accessible all around the world. E-commerce enables one in America to shop for things in Asia, Africa, or other areas within the world through some simple clicks of the mouse.

Social network: Social networking is the sharing of data with people across the planet. Aside from being an entertainment website, it’s many uses.

Learning: The web has now become a neighborhood of education. Education like homeschooling is definitely administered using the web. Teachers can upload their teaching videos on the web

Disadvantages of using internet

Internet Addiction Disorder: Internet addiction is detrimental to not only fitness but also psychological state.

Cyber Crime: Hacker programs a virus that gets into the pc and ruins valuable data. Users’ personal information like name, address, master card, bank details, and other information are often accessed by culprits when used on the web, leading to significant economic loss.

Social Alienation: Time spent online flies fast without consciousness. After getting attracted the user is trapped into the trap, users are trapped by a “net”, spending less time with people in the real world. Less interaction and face-to-face communication, actually, may end in a decrease in social abilities.

Internet and Email Skills

Spam: The unnecessary emails, advertisements, etc. are sometimes said to be spam because they need the power to hamper the system and make the users face many problems.

Health issues: Playing games and spending too much time on monitors leads to obesity and an unhealthy lifestyle.

Search information using internet

Most information is found on the Internet by utilizing search engines.

A search engine is a web service that uses web robots to query millions of pages on the Internet and creates an index of those web pages.

Internet users can then use search engines to find information on the Internet.

Search engines are especially helpful when you don't know the URL of a website, but need to find it.

There are many different search engines you can use, but some of the most popular include Google, Yahoo!, and Bing.

• Others are:
• Baidu
• Yandex
• DuckDuckGo
• Ask.com
• Ecosia

Aol.com

How to search information on the internet(Google)

To perform a search, you'll need to navigate to a search engine in your web browser, type one or more keywords—also known as search terms—then press Enter on your keyboard. In this example, we'll search for recipes.

Internet and Email Skills

After you run a search, you'll see a list of relevant websites that match your search terms. These are commonly known as search results. If you see a site that looks interesting, you can click a link to open it.

Internet and Email Skills

Most browsers also allow you to perform a web search directly from your address bar, although some have a separate search bar next to the address bar. Simply type your search terms and press Enter to run the search.

There may be times when you're looking for something more specific, like a news article, picture, or video.

You can use the extra search tools to narrow down your results even more.

Homework

Write down steps that you can use to search the word “Apple” on the internet using Google search engine

Download files from internet

What is Download?

Downloading is the transmission of a file or data from one computer to another over a network, usually from a larger server to a user device.

While Uploading is the transmission of a file or data from one computer to another over a network, usually from a user device to a larger server.

While browsing websites or using apps, the computer or mobile device is downloading and uploading data.

This data could be the text, images or videos used on the pages or apps that users visit.

When users want to keep the data on their device, they download the data to it.

This could be a file, document or app that they want to keep permanently.

When they download it, users make a copy of the data from what is on the central computer, called the server.

When transferring a file to a device, such as for music or a video, users may have the option to download, cache or stream it.

While there is not a hard-and-fast rule for how different companies use these terms, in general, a download is a permanent copy, a cache is a temporary copy and a stream is only copied as it is used.

Creating an Email account and manage messages

What is email (electronic mail)?

Email (which stand for electronic mail) is the exchange of computer-stored messages from one user to one or more recipients via the internet.

Emails are a fast, inexpensive and accessible way to communicate for business or personal use.

You need to have an email account from Email Service Provider(ESP) to send an email Popular Email Service Providers are Gmail, Outlook, Yahoo mail, Aol mail, iCloud mail, Proton mail, Zoho mail, Yandex email, Titan and Mail.com Users can send emails from anywhere as long as they have an internet connection.

Email messages are usually encoded in American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) format.

However, users can also send non-text files — such as graphic images and sound files — as file attachments.

Email was one of the first activities performed over the internet and is still the most popular use.

The main components of an email message

• Typically, an email message consists of two main components:
• header and
• body.

Header – Contain important information regarding the sender and the recipient(s).

Body – This is the content of the email. It may contain anything the user wishes to send, including text, videos or file attachments.

Typically, an email header contains the following information:

• Subject. This provides a summary of the message topic

Sender (From). This field is the sender's email address.

Date and time received (On). This field shows the local time and date when the message was composed.

Reply-to. If a user clicks on the Reply button, this field automatically populates the message with the sender's email address, which now becomes the "recipient." Recipient (To). This field shows the first and last name of the email recipient, as configured by the sender.

Recipient email address. This is the email address of the recipient or where the message was sent.

Carbon copy (CC). The carbon copy field includes the email addresses of the people who need to receive the email but aren't expected to reply. When a person presses Reply All, all of the CC addresses receive the response.

Blind carbon copy (BCC). If a sender doesn't want their recipient to find out who else received the email, they could use the BCC field to enter those addresses. The addresses in the BCC list don't receive responses when someone presses Reply All.

Attachments. This field contains any files that are attached to the message.

ADVANTAGES OF E-MAILS

High-speed delivery: allows you to send messages and files to anyone in the world, almost instantly.

Low cost: sending information by email is a fraction of the cost involved when using the traditional mail system, especially when emailing to a different country.

File transfer: documents, images, sound and video files can be sent with email messages as attachments.

Flexibility: once you have a web based email account set up, you should be able to access your email from anywhere in the world that has an internet connection.

Time zone friendly: you can send it anytime and the recipient will read the mail when they want.

• Reliability: through email you can save the documents and get them later

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DISADVANTAGES OF E-MAIL

• 1. Spam
• Beware of the possibility of receiving unsolicited mail (spam).
• Spam emails offer an increasingly bizarre range of products and services.
• Spam causes irritation and fills up mailboxes.
• 2. Viruses
• Email is one of the major sources of computer viruses.
• These viruses are usually hidden in attachments to emails.

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Disadvantages of email

• 3. Hacking
• i.e Spamming is the process of sending insolated bulk message over an Email.

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Creating an Email account(Email address)

• Here we will use Gmail to create account
• Parts of an email address: cmtjoint@gmail.com
• user name : cmtjoint (you create your own) (each is unique)
• @ symbol : unique to email addresses (Shift key + 2)
• email provider’s name: Gmail (you will use Gmail and Yahoo)

domain : .com (yours will be also .com)

Steps to create Gmail account

• Go to the Google Account sign in page.
• Click Create account.
• Enter your name.
• In the "Username" field, enter a username.
• Enter and confirm your password.
• Tip: When you enter your password on mobile, the first letter isn't case sensitive.

Click Next.

• Optional: Add and verify a phone number for your account.

Click Next.

Steps to send email in Gmail

• On your computer, go to Gmail.
• Login
• At the top left, click Compose.
• In the "To" field, add recipients.

You can also add recipients: In the "Cc" and "Bcc" fields.

When you compose a message, with a "+ sign" or "@mention" and the contact's name in the text field.

• Add a subject.
• Write your message.

At the bottom of the page, click Send.

Steps to send email attachment in Gmail

• On your computer, go to Gmail.

Click Compose.

• At the bottom, click Attach.
• Choose the files you want to upload.

Click Open.

• Add a subject.
• Write your message.

At the bottom of the page, click Send.

HOMEWORK

• Create two email accounts using GMAIL and YAHOO
• Compose email and send it to the address
• Hints:

Subject – Homework

• Body – Steps to send email using Gmail
• Attachment – Your picture

Write your Examination number at the end of the body

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION..