List disease caused by DNA virus

Collect specimen which can be used to detect DNA virus

List laboratory techniques used to diagnose individual viruses

Learning objective cont..

Most DNA viruses contain a single genome of linear double stranded DNA (dsDNA). However the papovaviruses (papillomaviruses, polyoma and vacuolating agents), have circular DNA genomes

The genome of all DNA viruses consists of a single molecule, which is double-stranded except in the case of the parvoviruses, and may be linear or circular.

double-stranded (dsDNA, like human DNA) Exceptions of parvoviridae has only 1 strand of DNA (ssDNA)

have icosahedral symmetry

replicate in the nucleus

are linear

Poxviridae has no icosahedral symmetry, surrounded by complex structural proteins and replicates in cytoplasm

papilloma, polyoma, and hepadna are non-linear (circular)

General characteristic of DNA virus

Herpes zoster.

Varicella.

Cytomegalovirus.

Epstein bar virus.

Human papilloma virus.

Adenovirus and Variola.

DNA viruses diseases can be transmitted into the following categories;

By contact e.g( herpes zoster, varicella, Huma papilloma virus, variola).

By inhalation e.g(adenovirus, variola).

By mother to child during pregnancy or birth( cytomegalovirus).

By transfusion e.g(variola virus)

DNA viruses replicate their genomes using DNA polymerase enzymes and transcribe their mRNA using DNA-dependent RNA polymerase enzymes inside the host cell nucleus.

The four main types of polymerases used by viruses depend on their genomic constitution and site of replication, that is, nucleus or cytoplasm, and include: RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps), RNA-dependent DNA polymerases, DNA-dependent RNA polymerases, and DNA-dependent RNA polymerases

Shingles: is a viral infection that causes a painful rash( caused by Herpes zoster) mostly affects adults.

Diseases caused by DNA virus

Pneumonia and hepatitis in immune-compromised patients

Retinitis and enteritis especially in AIDS patients

Cytomegalic inclusion body disease in infants

Mononucleosis in transfusion recipients

Diseases caused by DNA virus

Epstein bar virus(EBV) causes Burkitts lymphoma(occurs as a tumor of the face and jaw and sometimes as an abdominal tumor) and Infectious mononucleosis (kissing disease transmitted through saliva mostly teenagers are affected.

Diseases caused by DNA virus

Diseases caused by DNA virus

Adenovirus cause the infection in respiratory system similar to common cold and conjunctivitis with painful red eyes, intolerance to light and discharge.

Variola virus cause small pox

Diseases caused by DNA virus

Nasopharyngeal swab or oropharyngeal swab used to detect adenovirus

Blood is used to detect Epstein bar virus

Swabs and scabs from the lesion used to detect varicella virus and herpes zoster virus.

Blood, sputum, amniotic fluid, CSF, duodenal fluid, other body tissue or saliva in newborn babies used to detect cytomegalovirus

Collect specimen which can be used to detect DNA virus

Direct staining

serological tests

Culture

Full blood picture

PAP smear

Colposcopy

acetic acid test

List laboratory techniques used to diagnose individual viruses

PCR( polymerase chain reaction) is the useful test as a confirmatory test used to diagnose herpes zoster virus and varicella virus.

Cytomegalovirus can be detected into 3 ways

Direct staining

Serum for serological tests to determine rise in antibody titer

Culture. (Owls eye” nuclear inclusions are seen in cell culture)

Typical Morphology of CMV: The Circled Area Shows Owls Eye Appearance ofCMV in Infected Cells as Seen in Electron Microscope in a Special Staining

Full blood picture

human papilloma virus can be detect by colposcopy( test used to closer look of cervix) and acetic acid test(genital area turns them white), biopsy, PCR, PAP smear(also called cervical cytology)

List laboratory techniques used to diagnose individual viruses

DNA viruses contain a single genome of linear double stranded DNA (dsDNA). However the papovaviruses have circular DNA genomes.

Some of DNA virus are Herpes zoster, Varicella, Cytomegalovirus, Epstein bar virus, Human papilloma virus, Adenovirus and Variola.

They can be transmitted through contact e.g( herpes zoster, varicella, Huma papilloma virus, variola), inhalation e.g(adenovirus, variola), mother to child during pregnancy or birth( cytomegalovirus), transfusion e.g(variola virus)

List DNA virus.

List disease caused by DNA virus

Mention laboratory technique used to diagnose virus.

Mention specimen can be collected for the purpose of detect DNA virues