Research Budget
Session 19: Research Budget
Total Session Time: 120 minutes + 240 minutes assignment
Prerequisites
None
Learning Tasks
By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Identify the important points to be considered when starting to plan for data collection
Determine what resources are available and needed to carry out the research
Describe the activities of the research
Cost the research activities, materials and supplies required
Resources Needed
Flip charts, marker pens, and masking tape
Black/white board and chalk/whiteboard markers
Computer and LCD Projector
SESSION OVERVIEW
Activity/
Step Time Content
Method
1 05 minutes Presentation Introduction, Learning Objectives
Identification of Important Points to be
Presentation
2 15 minutes Considered when Starting to Plan for Data
Buzzing
Collection
Presentation Determination of Resources Available and
3
10 minutes Brainstorming Needed to Carry Out the Research
4 25 minutes Presentation Activities of the Research
50 minutes Presentation Costing the Research Activities, Materials and
5
Group discussion Supplies Required
6 05 minutes Presentation Key Points
7 05 minutes Presentation Evaluation
8 05 minutes Presentation Assignment
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SESSION CONTENTS
STEP1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)
READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify
ASK students if they have any questions before continuing
STEP 2: Identification of Important Points to be Considered when Starting
to Plan for Data Collection (15 minutes)
Activity: Buzzing (5 minutes)
ASK students to pair up and buzz on the following question for 2 minutes:
What are the important points to be considered when starting to plan for data collection?
ALLOW few pairs to respond and let other pairs to add on points not mentioned
WRITE their response on the flip chart/board
CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below
The most important points to be considered when starting to plan for data collection:
o It should be simple, realistic, and easily understood by those directly involved.
o It should cover the preparatory and the implementation phases of the project, as well
as data analysis, reporting, dissemination and utilization of results.
o The activities covered should include training, technical or research tasks;
administrative, secretarial and other support tasks.
o The realities of local customs (local holidays, festivals) and working hours should be
considered, when preparing the work plan.
o Also, seasonal changes and their effect on travel, work habits, and on the topic you
are studying (such as incidence of disease or nutritional status), should be kept in
mind as the schedule is planned.
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STEP 3: Determination of Resources Available and Needed to Carry Out
the Research (10 minutes)
STEP 4: The Activities of the Research (30 minutes)
o Finalize research proposal and submit to ethical committee for clearance
o Translate questionnaires, typing, multiplying
o Recruit research assistants
o Obtain clearance and orient of DMOs, health institutions and village health workers
o Train research assistants
o Pre-test study
o Collect data
o Process data and make preliminary interpretation
o Analyze data and write report
o Disseminate and discuss research findings and preliminary recommendations with
community members, health staff
o Disseminate and discuss of research findings and preliminary recommendations with
policymakers/managers/ others
o Draft preliminary plan of action
o Hold meetings with policy makers/managers/others to discuss plan of action for
implementing recommendations
o Follow up on implementation of plan of action
STEP 5: Costing the Research Activities, Materials and Supplies Required
(50 minutes)
Activity: Small Group Discussion (5 minutes)
DIVIDE students into small manageable groups
ASK students to discuss on the following question
ALLOW few students to respond
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WRITE their responses on flipchart or board
CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the contents below
o A detailed budget will help to identify which resources are already locally available
and
which additional resources may be required.
o The process of budget design will encourage you to consider aspects of the work plan
you
have not thought about before
o Serve as a useful reminder of activities planned, as your research gets underway.
o A complete budget is not prepared until the final stage of project planning.
Cost is usually a major limiting factor and therefore must always be kept in mind
during planning so that your proposals will not have an unrealistically high
budget.
o Remember that both ministries and donor agencies usually set limits for research
project
o budgets.
o The use of locally available resources increases the feasibility of the project from a
financial
point of view.
o Funds for personnel allowances for researchers, and assistants during training
research
assistants, field work piloting and actual study
o Funds for secretarial services e.g. typing the proposal and questionnaires, final report
and
dissemination
o Funds for transport number of visits and kilometers to be covered, funds for supplies.
o Stationary and lunch for those attending FGD, meetings
o 5% for emergency
o Do not underestimate the time needed to complete project tasks in ‗the real world‘.
o Include a 5% emergency fund if you fear that you might have budgeted for the
activities
rather conservatively.
If inclusion of a contingency fund is not allowed, an alternative is to slightly over-
budget in major categories.
o It is not sufficient to present a budget without explanation.
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o The budget justification follows the budget as an explanatory note justifying briefly,
in the context of the proposal, why the various items in the budget are required.
o Give clear explanations concerning why items that may seem questionable or that are
particularly costly are needed and discuss how complicated expenses have been
calculated.
If a strong budget justification has been prepared then, it is less likely that
essential items will be cut during proposal review.
o Explore whether other health-related institutions are willing to temporarily assign or
second personnel to the project.
o When possible, use local rather than outside personnel. If consultants are needed at
the
beginning, train local personnel as soon as possible to take over their work.
o Explore the use of students or community volunteers, where appropriate.
o Plan for strict control of project expenditures, such as those for vehicle use, supplies.
The budget justification follows the budget as an explanatory note justifying briefly,
in the
context of the proposal, why the various items in the budget are required.
o Give clear explanations concerning why items that may seem questionable or that are
particularly costly are needed and discuss how complicated expenses have been
calculated.
If a strong budget justification has been prepared then, it is less likely that
essential items will be cut during proposal review.
Category Unit Cost Multiplying Cost
(Tsh) Factors (Tsh)
ALLOWANCES
a. Researchers (5)
b. Research assistants (5)
e. Facilitator (1)
f. Evaluation pilot study
Subtotal (I)
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Transport Costs
Subtotal (II)
Supplies
Subtotal (III)
Total (I+II+III)
5% Contingency
Grand Total
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be supported by your own organization or submitted to the Ministry of Health or a donor
organization.
o Most donor organizations have their own special project forms, which include a
budget format (budget format)
o Keep in mind the tendency to underestimate the time needed to complete project tasks
in ‗the real world‘
o If the budget is for a period longer than a year, build in allowances for inflation before
the project begins and in subsequent years by increasing costs by a set percentage
(budget preparation)
o It is not sufficient to present a budget without explanation (Budget justification)
o When possible, use local rather than outside personnel to reduce cost
Obtaining funding for projects
o To conduct research, it is usually necessary to obtain funding for the research project.
In addition to preparing a good research proposal, the following strategies are useful
for researchers who need to obtain their own funding:
o Familiarize yourself with the policies and priorities of funding agencies. Such
policies and priorities may be:
o Identify the procedures, deadlines and formats that are relevant to each agency.
o Obtain written approval and support from relevant local and national health
authorities and submit this together with your proposal.
o If you are a beginning researcher, associate yourself with an established researcher.
Host agencies scrutinize the ‗credibility‘ of the researcher to whom funds are
allocated. Such credibility is based on previous projects that have been successfully
completed.
o Build up your own list of successfully completed projects (i.e., your own reports,
publications, etc.).
STEP 6: Key Points (5 minutes)
Plan for data collection should be simple, realistic, and easily understood by those
directly involved.
To conduct research, it is usually necessary to obtain funding for the research project
The type of budget format to be used may vary depending upon whether the budget will
be supported by your own organization or submitted to the Ministry of Health or a donor
organization
STEP 7: Evaluation (5 minutes)
What are the most important points to consider when starting planning for research
budget?
What resources are available and needed for preparation of research budget?
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STEP 8: Home Take Assignment (5 minutes)
Activity: Take Home Assignment (5 minutes)
DIVIDE students in groups or individuals
ASK the students to work on the following Assignment
Prepare the budget for conducting the research you are developing
ALLOCATE time for students to do the assignments and submit
REFER students to recommended reference
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References
Hardon A, Boonmongkon P, and Streefland P. et al (2001). Applied Health research,
Anthropology of health and health care, (3rd Ed) Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Het
Spinhuis Publishers
Beaglehole R, Bonita R and Kjellstrom (1993) Basic epidemiology: Geneva, Switzerland:
World Health Organization,
Kothari C.R (1985). Research Methodology – Methods and techniques, (2nd ed); New Delhi,
India; Wiley Eastern Limited
Stewart A (2001). Basic Statistics and epidemiology, A practical guide,; London, United
Kingdom: Radcliffe Medical Press,
Varkevisser, C. M, Pathmanathan, I and Brownlee, A (1991). Designing and Conducting
Health Systems Research Projects, Vol. 2 Part I: Ottawa, Canada: IDRC
Polit, D. F and Beck, C. T (2004). Nursing Research – Principles and Methods, (7th Ed):
Philadelphi, USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,
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