Tropane Alkaloids
Session 20: Tropane Alkaloids
Total Session Time: 120 minutes
Prerequisites
Learning Tasks
By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Resources Needed:
SESSION OVERVIEW
|Step |Time |Activity/ |Content |
| | |Method | |
|1 |05 minutes |Presentation |Introduction, Learning Objectives |
|2 |20 minutes |Presentation |Introduction to Tropane Alkaloids |
| | |Buzzing | |
|3 |20 minutes |Presentation |Natural Sources and Uses of |
| | |Brainstorming |Stramonium |
|4 |25 minutes |Presentation |Natural Sources and Uses of |
| | | |Belladonna |
|5 |20 minutes |Presentation |Natural Sources and Uses of |
| | | |Hyocyamus |
|6 |20 minutes |Presentation |Natural Sources and Uses of Coca |
|7 |05 minutes |Presentation |Key Points |
|8 |05 minutes |Presentation |Evaluation |
SESSION CONTENTS
STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Objectives (5 minutes)
READ or ASK students to read the learning objectives and clarify
ASK students if they have any questions before continuing.
STEP 2: Introduction to Tropane Alkaloids (20 minutes)
tropic or benzoic acid esters of tropine
with a common methylated nitrogen
o Tropane alkaloids are very closely related to each other
o Hyoscyamine
o Hyoscine
o Atropine
o Cocaine
in Erythroxylaceae family)
STEP 3: Natural Sources and Uses of Stramonium (20 minutes)
o Stramonium is defined as dried leaves and flowering tops of Datura
stramonium and its varieties, family Solanaceae
o Its synonyms are thornapple, jimson or Jamestown weed
o Drug is required to contain not less than 0.25% of alkaloid calculated
as hyocyamine
o Drug is widely distributed in Africa, Germany, France, Hungary
o Adulterant: Solanum nigrum
o Allied Drugs are Datura inoxia, Datura metel and Datura sanguinea
o Contain 0.2 – 0.45% alkaloids, the major alkaloids are;
o Hyoscyamine and hyoscine are found in the ration 2:1 (hyoscyamine:
hyoscine)
o Younger plants contain hyoscine, atropine is little and is formed from
racemization of hyoscyamine
o These alkaloids test positive for Vitali-Morin test
o Hyoscyamine is used to treat urinary tract disorders
o It is used to treat spasms of the bladder
o Hyoscyamine preparations are also used as antispasmodics in the therapy
of peptic ulcers
o Hyoscine hydrobromide is used in pre-operative medication 30 – 60
minutes before induction of anaesthesia
o Hyoscine butylbromide used in irritable bowel syndrome to relief pain
due to abdominal cramps
o It is also used in dysmenorrhea
STEP 4: Natural Sources and Uses of Belladonna (25 minutes)
o Consist of the dried leaves and flowering tops of Atropa
belladonna
hyoscyamine
o Adulterant: Phytolacca dodecandra
o Allied drugs are Indian belladonna and Atropa acuminata
o Contains 0.3 – 0.6% of Tropane alkaloids, the chief of which is
hyoscyamine
o Belladonin
methylpyrroline are present
o Atropine
(asthma and colic)
o Hyoscine
o Atropine and Hyoscine
o Belladonna leaves are used for internal preparations
o Used as sedative, antispasmodic and to check secretions
o Roots are used for external preparations
o Atropine is indicated in organophosphates and carbamate
insecticides poisoning
o It produces mydriatic effect by paralyzing the iris and the
ciliary muscles
o Is it used as an antispasmodic to lessen smooth muscle
spasm/griping
o Used to treat some types of arrhythmias
STEP 5: Natural Sources and Uses of Hyocyamus (20 minutes)
o Hyoscyamus leaf consists of the dried leaves or dried leaves and
flowering tops of Hyoscyamus niger, family Solanaceae
o Common name: Henbane
o Tropane alkaloids mainly:
o Allied Drugs are Hyoscyamus albus, Hyosycamus muticus, Hyoscyamus
pusillus, Hyoscyamus aureus
o Resembles belladonna and stramonium in action but weaker
stimulation
o Used to relieve spasm of the urinary tract
o Used as a sedative
o Used as an expectorant
o Anti-asthmatic
STEP 6: Natural Sources and Uses of Coca (20 minutes)
o Coca is derived from dried leaves of Erythroxylum coca (Bolivian or
Huanuco) and E. truxillense (Peruvian or Truxillo), cultivated in Peru,
Bolivia, Colombia and Indonesia, family Erythroxylaceae
very early times
o Constituents
cocaine, cinnamylcocaine and α-truxilline are the most important.
commercial varieties
o Uses
STEP 6: Key Points (5 minutes)
belladonna
stramonium and its varieties
flowering tops of Hyoscyamus niger
STEP 7: Evaluation (5 minutes)
References
Trease, G. E., Evans, W. C., & Evans, D. (2009). Trease and Evans
pharmacognosy. London: Saunders.
Joanne Barnes et al (2002), Herbal medicines 3rd Edition: Pharmaceutical
Press
Wallis, T. E. (2005). Textbook of pharmacognosy. New Delhi: CBS.
Robbers, J. E., Speedie, M. K., Tyler, V. E., & Tyler, V. E. (1996).
Pharmacognosy and pharmacobiotechnology. Baltimore: Williams &
Wilkins.
Heinrich, M., Kinghorn, A. D., Maizels, D., Gibbons, S., & Phillipson, J.
Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier.
Unataka kutumiwa notes hizi kupitia WhatsApp?Kwa notes zilizopangiliwa vizuri kwa kusoma offline au PDF, bonyeza kitufe hapa chini. Ujumbe wenye Level, Semester, Module na Topic utaandaliwa moja kwa moja.TUMIWA NOTES WHATSAPP
