Adulteration of Medicinal Plants
Session 15: Adulteration of Medicinal Plants
Total Session Time: 60 minutes
Prerequisites
Learning Tasks
By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Resources Needed:
SESSION OVERVIEW
|Step |Time |Activity/ |Content |
| | |Method | |
|1 |05 minutes |Presentation |Introduction, Learning Tasks |
|2 |10 minutes |Presentation |Meaning of Adulteration |
|3 | 25 |Presentation |Methods and Effects of |
| |minutes | |Adulteration |
|4 |05 minutes |Presentation |Key Points |
|5 |05 minutes |Presentation |Evaluation |
|6 | 10minutes |Presentation |Assignment |
SESSION CONTENTS
STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)
READ or ASK students to read the learning objectives and clarify
ASK students if they have any questions before continuing.
STEP 2: Meaning of Adulteration (10 minutes)
standards or which does not comply with the requirement of the
pharmacopoeia cheap and easily available in large quantities
o An adulterant must be
o Deliberate adulteration
of profits
o Accidental adulteration
plants are scarce or expensive
substitution of the original crude drugs partially or fully with other
substances which are either free from or inferior in therapeutic and
chemical properties
o Faulty collection of the drug
o Improper preparation of the drug
o Poor storage condition
o Deliberate practices
o Scarcity of the drug
o High price of the drug in the market e.g. clove, cardamom
o Contraband drug e.g. opium
STEP 3: Methods and Effects of Adulteration (25 minutes)
o Which leads to a sub-standard drug
o This may result from;
regardless of the time factor –collecting herbs prior/after ideal
time
ripe fruits (should be nearly ripe), clove (flowers in bud stage)
Chamomile leaves
from ginger rhizome/incorrect drying conditions
tight containers
material
o When the quality or medicinal value/ usefulness of herb is impaired or
destroyed by bacterial/ fungal action, insects, rodents or other pests
o Normally results from incorrect storage (effects of water/temperature)
o Avoided by careful attention to the drying and storage conditions
o Occurs when value or quality of the drug has been impaired
o Admixture occurs when another species is added to the medicinally
valuable drug; intentional or accidentally
o This may result from;
definition
o This is the deliberate addition of inferior material with the intention
of decreasing medicinal action of the desired drug e.g.
o Substitution is the addition of an allied drug, or one which is
botanically different e.g. Digitalis thaspi for Digitalis purpurea
o Large mass of stomes mixed with liquorice root, pieces of limestone
are added in asafoedita
STEP 4: Key Points (5 minutes)
debasement of that drug
standards or which does not comply with the requirement of the
pharmacopoeia.
scarce or expensive
STEP 5: Evaluation (5 minutes)
STEP 6: Take Home Assignment (10 minutes)
|Activity: Take Home Assignment (10 minutes) |
| |
|DIVIDE students in groups or individuals |
| |
|ASK the students to work on the following Assignment |
|List monographs of medicinal plants |
|List the effects of adulteration |
|List classes of plants containing toxic substances |
|List toxic substances from plants |
|List common misuses of medicinal plants |
| |
|ALLOCATE time for students to do the assignments and submit |
| |
|REFER students to recommended reference |
References
Trease, G. E., Evans, W. C., & Evans, D. (2009). Trease and Evans
pharmacognosy. London: Saunders.
Joanne Barnes et al (2002), Herbal medicines 3rd Edition: Pharmaceutical
Press
Wallis, T. E. (2005). Textbook of pharmacognosy. New Delhi: CBS.
Robbers, J. E., Speedie, M. K., Tyler, V. E., & Tyler, V. E. (1996).
Pharmacognosy and pharmacobiotechnology. Baltimore: Williams &
Wilkins.
Heinrich, M., Kinghorn, A. D., Maizels, D., Gibbons, S., & Phillipson, J.
Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier.
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