Compounding of Gels/ Jellies
Session 10: Compounding of Gels/ Jellies
Total Session Time: 120 Minutes
Prerequisites
Learning Tasks
By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Give overview of gels
Describe procedures for preparing gels
Prepare gels
Label prepared gels
Dispense prepared gels into suitable containers and closure
Resources Needed:
SESSION OVERVIEW
Activity/
Step Time Content
Method
1 05 Minutes Presentation Introduction, Learning Tasks
Presentation
2
25 Minutes Buzzing Introduction to Gels
3 10 Minutes Presentation Procedures for Preparing Gels
Presentation
4 Preparing Gels
35 Minutes Demonstration
Presentation
5
25 Minutes Demonstration Labeling of Prepared Gels
Presentation Dispensing of Prepared Gels into Suitable Containers
6
10 Minutes Brainstorming and Closure
7 05 Minutes Presentation Key Points
8 05 Minutes Presentation Evaluation
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SESSION CONTENTS
STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)
READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify
ASK students if they have any questions before continuing.
STEP 2: Introduction to Gels (25 minutes)
Activity: Buzzing (5 minutes)
ASK students to pair up and buzz on the following question for 2 minutes
ALLOW few pairs to respond and let other pairs to add on points not mentioned
WRITE their response on the flip chart/board
CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below
up of small inorganic particles or large organic molecules interpenetrated by a liquid
vehicle rendered jelly-like through addition of a gelling agent
macromolecules of dispersed phase
linking or association when hydrated and dispersed in the dispersing medium or when dissolved
in the dispersing medium
o Is when the gel contains a network of small discrete particles
o When gels appear to have no discrete particles,
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o Macromolecules are uniformly distributed throughout the liquid, usually organics
o No apparent boundaries between dispersed macromolecules and the liquid
o Two-phase system gels are thixotropic
Gel mass consists of floccules of small distinct particles
Usually involve inorganics
Semisolid on standing but liquefy on shaking
If the particles in the two-phase systems are large
Composition of gels is:
o Gelling agents
o Water
o Co-solvents
o Preservatives
o Stabilizers
throughout a liquid without any boundary between dispersed and dispersing phases (e.g.
tragacanth, cellulose, methylcellulose)
o Acacia, tragacanth, Methylcellulose,
o Alginic acid, Bentonite, Carbopol®,
o Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC),
o Gelatin, Hydroxypropyl cellulose,
o Magnesium Aluminium Silicate (Veegum®) etc
application and easily washable from skin
STEP 3: Procedures for Preparing Gels (10 minutes)
o e.g. gelatin gels
o By dispersing gelatin in hot water followed by cooling OR
o By wetting gelatin with organic liquid e.g. Propylene glycol, followed by addition of hot water
and cooling
o Methylcellulose, 4000cps 1.0%
o Carbomer 934 0.35%
o 1N Sodium Hydroxide Solution qs to pH 7
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o Propylene glycol 16.7%
o Methyl paraben 0.015%
o Purified water, qs 100
o Disperse the methylcellulose in a portion of hot (80-90°C) water
o Cool to room temperature, and disperse the Carbomer 934 in the gel using a bladed stirrer.
o Adjust the pH of the dispersion to 7.0 by adding sufficient 1N Sodium hydroxide solution.
o Dissolve the methylparaben in the propylene glycol. Mix the methylcellulose, Carbopol 934
and propylene glycol fractions using caution to avoid incorporating air.
STEP 4: Preparing of gels (35 minutes)
Activity: Demonstration (45 minutes)
DIVIDE students in small manageable groups.
PREPARE equipment and materials needed for demonstration
POSITION students so that everyone can see and hear
REVIEW steps of preparing pastes with students
REFER students to the official formula of preparing Ichthammol gel IP In the
Tanzania Pharmaceutical Handbook
DEMONSTRATE the procedure of preparing ointments according to the instruction under
the official formula in the Tanzania Pharmaceutical Handbook (Mitte 50g)
ALLOW one student from each group to do a return demonstration and let others comment
on it
CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE Using the content below
INFORM the students that “every student will practice in the skills laboratory under
supervision until is competent”
Ichthammol……………………………………………………….. 1.0g
Tragacanth, in powder……………………………………………… 2.5g
Alcohol 90%……………………………………………………………… 5.0g
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Glycerin……………………………………………………………… 1.0g
Purified water q.s………………………………………………………… 50.0g
Mitte 50.0g for Allen Mbogo
Official amount
100g
Then, amount of each ingredient can be obtain as summarised in the table below:
Formula Official amount Factors Required amount
Ichthammol 1.0g 0.5g
Tragacanth, in powder 2.5g 0.5 1.25g
Alcohol 90% 5.0g 2.5g
Glycerol 1.0g 0.5g
Purified water q.s 50.0g 25g
Procedure:
o According to solubility,
o 1g Ichthammol 10ml water
o Ichthammol 1.0g
o Glycerol 1.0g
o Water 10ml
Weigh empty beaker (preferably plastic) and weigh1.0g of Ichthammol and 1.0g of glycerol directly
into beaker. Add about 10ml of water then stir until obtaining solution.
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o Calculate amount of water
o Final weight of jelly – other ingredients.
-50g – (1.0g+2.5g+5.0g+1.0g)
Ichthammol Tragacanth Alcohol Glycerol
(Approximate Conversion)
10ml water has been used for Ichthammol solution
o Tragacanth 2.5gm
o Alcohol (90%) 5.0mL
o Water 30mL
30ml of water.
o Place alcohol first in mortar and add Tragacanth onto alcohol then disperses by pestle.
o After obtaining uniform dispersion, add water as quickly as possible at once then mix well.
NB: Alcohol should be placed first otherwise may lead lump formation
o Add Ichthammol solution into the mucilage in portion triturate frequently scraping off the
material from the side soft hemortar and the pest leuntil obtaining completely uniform
mixture
o Weigh the empty dispensing container, then transfer jellies into the container.
o Make the required weight by rinsing the mortar and pestle with a small amount of water.
o When the weight is made up, mix the contents well by stirring rod
o Make sure that the product is uniform
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STEP 5: Labeling of Prepared Gels (25 minutes)
Activity: Demonstration (10 minutes)
DIVIDE students in small manageable groups.
PREPARE equipment and materials needed for demonstration
POSITION students so that everyone can see and hear
REVIEW steps of writing a label
REFER students to the important things required to appear on the label.
DEMONSTRATE on how to write a good label
ALLOW one student from each group to do a return demonstration and let others comment
on it
CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below
INFORM the students that “every student will practice in the skills laboratory under
supervision until is competent”
For External Use Only
ICHTHAMMOL GEL IP
50g
Spread the medicine in a thin layer and then apply to the affected part every twelve
hours for seven days
The name of the dispenser and the name and address of the dispensing Institution
Preparation date
Expiry date
Keep Out of Reach of Children
Keep away from heat
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STEP 6: Dispensing of Prepared Gels into Suitable Containers and
Closure. (10 minutes)
Activity: Brainstorming (5 minutes)
Ask students to brainstorm on the following question:
ALLOW few students to respond?
WRITE their responses on the flip chart/ board
CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below
Figure 10.1: Gels jars and tube
Source: Pharmaceutical Compounding and Dispensing (2008).
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STEP 7: Key Points (5 minutes)
up of small inorganic particles or large organic molecules interpenetrated by a liquid
by wetting gelatin with organic liquid e.g. Propylene glycol, followed by addition of hot water
and cooling
minimise evaporation of water, well closed and stored in a cool place to prevent drying out and
collapsible tubes should be used for packing the sterile products such as catheter
STEP 8: Evaluation (5 minutes)
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References
Britain, R. P. S. o. G. (1994). The Pharmaceutical Codex (12 ed.). London: London Pharmaceutical
Press.
Winfield, J. A. R., I. Smith. (2009). Pharmaceutical Practice (4th ed.)British
Wolverton, SE. Comprehensive Dermatologic Drug Therapy. WB Saunders. 2001. pp 563-572.New
York
Singh Malik, D; Mital, N; Kaur, G (2016). "Topical drug delivery systems: a patent review". Expert
opinion on therapeutic patents. 26 (2): 213–28. Sudan
Senya, S. S., Mwasha, C. Y. S., Muyinga, A. M., Amiri, R. I., & Mauga, E. A. S. K. (2011). Tanzania
Pharmaceutical Handbook (2nd ed.). Dar es salaam.
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