NTA Level 4 • Semester 2 • PST04211

Description of Vaccines for Immunization ………………………………….297

Basic Pharmacology • Source Session/Topic 46

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Session 46: Description of Vaccines for Immunization ………………………………….297

PST 04211 Basic Pharmacology NTA Level 4 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

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Background

There is currently an ever increasing demand for pharmaceutical personnel in Tanzania.

This is due to expanding investment in public and private pharmaceutical sector. Shortage of

trained pharmaceutical human resource contributes to poor quality of pharmaceutical

services and low access to medicines in the country (GIZ, 2012).

Through Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) the Pharmacy Council (PC) together with

Development Partners (DPs) in Germany and Pharmaceutical Training Institutions (PTIs)

worked together to address the shortage of human resource for pharmacy by designing a

project named “Supporting Training Institutions for Improved Pharmaceutical Services in

Tanzania‖ in order to improve quality and capacity of PTIs in training, particularly of lower

cadre pharmaceutical personnel.

The Pharmacy Council formed a Steering committee that conducted a stakeholders workshop

from 18th – 22ndAugust 2014 in Morogoro to initiate the implementation of the project.

Key activities in the implementation of this project included carrying out situational analysis,

curriculum review and harmonization, development of training manual/facilitators guide,

development of assessment plan, training of trainers and supportive supervision.

After the curricula were reviwed and harmonized, the process of developing standardised

training materials was started in August 2015 through Writer‘s Workshop approach.

The approach included two workshops (of two weeks each) for developing draft documents

and a one-week workshop for reviewing, editing and formatting the sessions of the modules.

The goals of writers workshops were to build capacity of tutors in the development of

training materials and to develop high-quality, standardized teaching materials.

The training package for pharmacy cadres includes a facilitator guide, assessment plan and

practicum. There are 12 modules for NTA level 4 making 12 facilitator guides and one

practicum guide.

PST 04211 Basic Pharmacology NTA Level 4 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

Acknowledgment

The development of standardized training materials of a competence-based curriculum for

pharmaceutical sciences has been accomplished through involvement of different

stakeholders.

Special thanks go to the Pharmacy Council for spearheading the harmonization of training

materials in the pharmacy after noticing that training institutions in Tanzania were using

different curricula and train their students differently.

I would also like to extend my gratitude to St. Luke Foundation (SLF)/Kilimanjaro School of

Pharmacy –Moshi for their tireless efforts to mobilize funds from development partners.

Special thanks to John Snow Inc (JSI), Deutsche GesellschaftFür Internationale

Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), Merck Kgaa, BoehringerIngelheimGmbhand Bayer Pharma Ag and

action medeor.V for the financial and technical support.

Particular thanks are due to those who led this important process to its completion, Mrs Stella

M. Mpanda Director, Childbirth Survival Intenational, and Members from the secretariat of

National Council for Technical Education (NACTE) for facilitating the process.

Finally, I very much appreciate the contributions of the tutors and content experts

representing PTIs, hospitals, and other health training institutions. Their participation in

meetings and workshops, and their input in the development of this training

manual/facilitators guide have been invaluable.

These participants are listed with our gratitude below:

Mr.Wilson Mlaki DSt. Luke Foundation/Kilimanjaro School of Pharmacy

Mr.Samwel M. Zakayo- Pharmacy Council

Ms. Ester A. Tuarira MUHAS

Ms. Tumaini H. Lyombe MUHAS

PST 04211 Basic Pharmacology NTA Level 4 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

Ms. Dilisi J. Makawia KSP

Ms. Julieth Koimerek KSP

Rev. Baraka A.M. Kabudi MEMS

Mr. Kelvin E. Mtanililwa Royal Pharmaceutical Training Institute

Ms. Rose Bulilo CEDHA

Ms. Diana H. Gamuya CEDHA

Dr.Melkiory Masatu CEDHA

Mr. Habel A. Habel City College of Health and Allied Sciences

Ms. Zaina Msami Meru District Council

Director of Human Resources Development

Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children

PST 04211 Basic Pharmacology NTA Level 4 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

Introduction

Module Overview

This module content is a guide for tutors of Pharmaceutical schools for training of students.

The session contents are based on sub-enabling outcomes and their related tasks of the

curriculum for Basic Technician Course in Pharmaceutical Sciences. The module sub-

enabling outcomes and their related tasks are as indicated in the in the Basic Technician

Certificate in Pharmaceutical Sciences (NTA Level 4) Curriculum

Target Audience

This module is intended for use primarily by tutors of pharmaceutical schools. The module‘s

sessions give guidance on the time, activities and provide information on how to teach the

session. The sessions include different activities which focus on increasing students‘

knowledge, skills and attitudes.

Organization of the Module

The module consists of forty six (46) sessions; each session is divided into several parts as

indicated below:

• Session Title: The name of the session

• Total Session Time: The estimated time for teaching the session, indicated in minutes

• Pre-requisites: A module or session which needs to be covered before teaching the

session.

• Learning Tasks: Statements which indicate what the student is expected to learn by the

end of the session

• Resources Needed: All resources needed for the session are listed including handouts

and worksheets

• Session Overview: The session overview box lists the steps, time for each step, the

activity or method used in each step and the step title

• Session Content: All the session contents are divided into steps. Each step has a heading

and an estimated time to teach that step as shown in the overview box. Also, this section

includes instructions for the tutor and activities with their instructions to be done during

teaching of the contents

• Key Points: Key messages for concluding the session contents at the end of a session

This step summarizes the main points and ideas from the session, based on the learning

tasks of the sssion

• Evaluation: The last section of the session consists of short questions based on the

learning tasks to check the understanding of students.

• Handouts: Additional information which can be used in the classroom while teaching or

later for students‘ further learning. Handouts are used to provide extra information related

to the session topic that cannot fit into the session time. Handouts can be used by the

students to study material on their own and to refer to them after the session. Sometimes,

a handout will have questions or an exercise for the participants including the answers to

the questions.

PST 04211 Basic Pharmacology NTA Level 4 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

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Instructions for Use and Facilitators Preparation

• Tutors are expected to use the module as a guide to train students in the classroom and

skills laboratory

• The contents of the modules are the basis for teaching and learning Basic Pharmacology.

• Use the session contents as a guide

• The tutors are therefore advised to read each session and the relevant handouts and

worksheets as preparation before facilitating the session

• Tutors need to prepare all the resources, as indicated in the resource section or any other

item, for an effective teaching and learning process

• Plan a schedule (timetable) of the training activities

• Facilitators are expected to be innovative to make the teaching and learning process

effective

• Read the sessions before facilitation; make sure you understand the contents in order to

clarify points during facilitation

• Time allocated is estimated, but you are advised to follow the time as much as possible,

and adjust as needed

• Use session activities and exercises suggested in the sessions as a guide

• Always involve students in their own learning. When students are involved, they learn

more effectively

• Facilitators are encouraged to use real life examples to make learning more realistic

• Make use of appropriate reference materials and teaching resources available locally

Preparation with Handouts and Worksheets

• Go through the session and identify handouts and worksheets needed for the session

• Reproduce pages of these handouts and worksheets for student use while teaching the

session. This will enable students to refer to handouts and worksheets during the session

in the class. You can reproduce enough copies for students or for sharing

• Give clear instructions to students on the student activity in order for the students to

follow the instructions of the activity

• Refer students to the specific page in the student manual as instructed in the facilitator

guide

Using Students Manual When Teaching

• The student manual is a document which has the same content as the facilitator guide,

which excludes facilitator instructions and answersfor exercises.

• The student manual is for assisting students to learn effectively and acts as a reference

document during and after teaching the session

• Some of the activities included in facilitator guide are in the student manual without

facilitator instructions

PST 04211 Basic Pharmacology NTA Level 4 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

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PST 04211 Basic Pharmacology NTA Level 4 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

Abbreviations/Acronym

AGS Gas Gangrene Antitoxin

ARS Anti Rabies Serum

ARV Anti-Retroviral

ATS Tetanus antitoxin

BCG Bacillus Calmette Guerin

CNS Central Nervous System

COCs Combined Oral Contraceptives

COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases

CUHAS C atholic University of Heal and Allied sciences

DPT Diphtheria Pertussis Tetanu

E.L.C.T Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania

HKMU Hurbert Kairuki Memorial University

ICP Increased Intra Cranial Pressure

IGs Immunoglobulins

ITP Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

JSI John Snow Inc

KCMC Kilimanjaro College of Medical Sciences

LZHRC Lake zone Health Recourse Centre

MAO Mono Amine Oxidase

MEMS Mission for Essential Medicine Supply

MMR Measles, Mumps and Rubella

MoHCGC Ministry of Health, Community development, Gender, Elderly and

children

MUHAS Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences

NACTE National Council For Technical Education

NSAIDS Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

POPs Progestogen Only Pills

RuCU Ruaha Catholic University

SIBS Spring Institute of Business

SLF Saint Luke Foundation

USP United States Pharmacopoeia

PST 04211 Basic Pharmacology NTA Level 4 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

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