NTA Level 4 • Semester 1 • PST04102

Identification of Patients with Ascariasis

Disease Control and Prevention • Source Session/Topic 24

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Session 24: Identification of Patients with Ascariasis

Total Session Time: 120 minutes + 2 hours Assignment

Prerequisites

• None

Learning Tasks

By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:

• Describe Causes of Ascariasis

• Describe Mode of Transmission of Ascariasis

• Describe Major Signs and Symptoms of Ascariasis

• Explain Treatment of Ascariasis

• Explain Prevention and Control of Ascariasis

Resources Needed:

• Flip charts, marker pens, and masking tape

• Black/white board, chalk and whiteboard markers

• Computer and LCD Projector

SESSION OVERVIEW

SESSION CONTENTS

STEP1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)

READ or ASKstudents to read the learning tasks and clarify

ASK students if they have any questions before continuing

STEP 2: Causes of Ascariasis (10 minutes)

|Activity: Buzzing (10 minutes) |

| |

|ASK students to pair up and buzz on the following question for 2 |

|minutes |

| |

|What causes Ascariasis? |

| |

|ALLOW few pairs to respond and let other pairs to add on points not |

|mentioned |

| |

|WRITE their response on the flip chart/board |

| |

|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below |

• Ascariasis: is one of the commonest infections of the small intestine

• Caused by a nematode called Ascaris lumbricoides ( round worm)

STEP 3: Mode of Transmission of Ascariasis (30 minutes)

|Activity: Group discussion (30 minutes) |

| |

|DIVIDEstudents into small manageable groups |

| |

|ASK students to discuss on the following question |

| |

|What is the mode of transmission of Ascariasis? |

| |

|ALLOW students to discuss for 15 minutes |

| |

|ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not mentioned |

| |

|WRITE their response on the flip chart/board |

| |

|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below |

• Common ways of acquiring Ascariasis include failure to adhere to

hygienic practices such as washing hands before food preparation and

proper storage of food

• Therefore the disease is related to poor sanitation and hygiene

• Infection is acquired from ingestion of food contaminated with mature

eggs

• The usual vehicles are fruits and other raw food

• Children are more frequently infected and have higher worm burden than

adults because they like putting contaminated objects into their

mouths

• Heavy infection in children can contribute to under-nutrition

• Adults have much lighter infections, although re-infection can occur

throughout life

[pic][pic]Refer students to Handout 24:1 Life cycle of ascaris

lumbricoides for further reading

STEP 4: Signs and Symptoms of Ascariasis (10 minutes)

• Fever

• Cough

• Abdominal discomfort, restlessness and insomnia (sleeplessness)

• Eosinophilia due to allergic reaction

• Intestinal obstruction

• Passing adult worm in the stool or vomitus

• Obstructive jaundice

STEP 5: Treatment of Ascariasis (10 minutes)

• Treatment is effective only against the adult worms

• The drugs of choice are as follows:

o Albendazole: for children 2-5 years a single dose of 200mg and for

older children and adults, one dose of 400mg is given

o Mebendazole: a single dose 500mg

o Levamisole: a single of 2.5mg/kg body weight

o Piperazine (antepar): syrup at a dose of 150mg/kg body weight (to a

maximum of 4g) as a single dose

▪ Note that these drugs are given between meals

▪ They should be avoided during the first tree monthsr of pregnancy

STEP 6: Prevention and Control of Ascariasis (40 minutes)

|Activity: Group discussion (30 minutes) |

| |

|DIVIDEstudents into small manageable groups |

| |

|ASK students to discuss on the following question |

| |

|How is Ascariasis transmitted? |

| |

|ALLOW students to discuss for 15 minutes |

| |

|ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not mentioned |

| |

|WRITE their response on the flip chart/board |

| |

|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below |

• Environmental measures such as provision of adequate and safe water

supplies.

• Proper disposal of faeces

• prevention of faecal contamination of food and water

• Discourage use of fresh human faeces as manure

• Health education on:

o Proper use of latrines

o Personal hygiene e.g. washing hands after using toilet or before

handling food

o Washing fruits and vegetables before eating

o Use of dry racks for utensils so that they are above the soil and dust

STEP 7: Key Points (5 minutes)

• Ascariasis is a common nematode infection.

• The prevalence of Ascariasis is related to poor sanitation and hygiene

• Control is mainly by improving faeces disposal

• A heavy infection in a child can contribute to malnutrition

STEP 8: Evaluation (5 minutes)

• What is Ascariasis?

• How does a person acquire Ascariasis infection?

• What are the signs and symptoms of Ascariasis?

• What is the treatment of Ascariasis?

• What are preventive and control measures of Ascariasis?

STEP 9: Assignment (5 minutes)

|Activity: Take Home Assignment (10 minutes) |

| |

|DIVIDE students in groups or individuals |

| |

|ASK the students to work on the following assignment |

|Prepare a presentation on common causes of food poisoning in their |

|area. |

| |

|ALLOCATE time for students to do the assignments and submit |

| |

|REFER students to recommended reference |

References

Cook, G. Zumla, A. (2003). Manson’s Tropical Diseases. (21sted.). London:

Saunders Ltd.

Denyer, S. P. Hodges, N. A. Gorman, S. P (2011) Ed. Hugo & Russell’s

Pharmaceutical Microbiology (8th ed). Oxford: Willey-Blackwell Publishing

Eshuis J, Manschot, P (1992). Communicable diseases, (1sted). Nairobi:

AMREF

GoT (2004): National Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) Guidelines for

Healthcare Workers. Dar es Salaam: MOHSW

GoT (2013) Standard Treatment Guidelines & National Essential Medicines

List (4thed). Dar es Salaam: MOHSW

Nordberg, E. (1999): Communicable Diseases, A Manual for Health Workers in

Sub-Saharan Africa, Nairobi: AMREF

Nordberg, E., Kingondu, T., & Mugambi, E., et al. (2008) Communicable

Diseases. (4thed.). Nairobi: AMREF

|[pic] |Handout 24.1: Life cycle of Ascaris lumbricoides |

[pic]

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