Methods for Safe Sewage Disposal
Session 10: Methods for Safe Sewage Disposal
Total Session Time: 120 minutes + 2 hours Assignment
Prerequisites
Learning Tasks
By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Resources Needed:
SESSION OVERVIEW
|Step |Time |Activity/ |Content |
| | |Method | |
|1 |5 minutes |Presentation |Introduction , Learning Tasks |
|2 |15 minutes |Presentation |Definition of Sewage |
| | |Buzzing | |
|3 |30 minutes |Presentation |Importance of Safe Sewage Disposal |
| | |Brain Storming| |
|5 |45 minutes |Presentation |Methods for Safe Sewage Disposal |
| | |Small Group | |
| | |Discussion | |
|6 |10 minutes |Presentation |Key Points |
|7 |5 minutes |Presentation |Evaluation |
|8 |10 minutes |Presentation |Assignment |
SESSION CONTENTS
STEP1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)
READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify
ASK students if they have any questions before continuing
STEP 2: Definition of Sewage (15 minutes)
|Activity: Brainstorming (5 minutes) |
| |
|ASKstudents to brainstorm on the following question: |
| |
|What is sewage? |
| |
|ALLOW few students to respond |
| |
|WRITE their responses on the flip chart/ board |
| |
|CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below |
produced by people
o The liquid in sewage includes urine and wastewater which comes from
the toilet, the kitchen, bathroom and laundry
o Sewage contains lots of disease-causing germs and parasites
o Sewage is treated to get rid of as much of the solid matter as
possible
o The remaining liquid is called effluent
STEP 3: Importance of sewage disposal (30 minutes)
|Activity: Brainstorming (15 minutes) |
| |
|ASK students to brainstorm on the following question: |
| |
|What is the importance of sewage disposal? |
| |
|ALLOW few students to respond |
| |
|WRITE their responses on the flip chart/ board |
| |
|CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below |
inhabited areas to sewage treatment plants
o This is important to prevent people from getting infection caused by
microorganisms found in the sewage
Importance of safe sewage disposal
STEP 4: Methods for Sewage Disposal (450 minutes)
|Activity: Small Group Discussion ( 45 minutes) |
| |
|DIVIDE students into small manageable groups |
| |
|ASK students to discuss on the following question |
| |
|What are the methods for safe sewage disposal? |
| |
|ALLOW students to discuss for 15 minutes |
| |
|ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not mentioned |
| |
|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the contents below |
There are main two types of sewage disposal systems which are:
On-site sewage disposal systems
effluent and is disposed of in an area close to the house or buildings
o Example of an on-site disposal system consists of a septic tank and
leach drains
o All the liquid waste from the toilet, bathroom, laundry and sink goes
into pipes which carry it to a septic tank
o The effluent from the tank is then disposed of through effluent
disposal drains often referred to as leach or French drains
o Both of these methods of disposing of liquid waste are on-site
disposal systems. They must be installed and maintained properly.
In these systems, the effluent is soaked into the surrounding soil.
[pic]
Figure 10.1: Plan view (top) of an on-site sewage disposal system
On-site disposal systems cannot be installed in all situations. For
example, they cannot be installed:
water is close to the surface)
A sewage or effluent (wastewater) system
called a sewage lagoon or effluent pond
to the lagoon.
[pic]
Fig 10.2: Plan view of a wastewater disposal
system
in a closed or open space for a few days to allow fluids and solids to
separate and bacterial action to turn the sewage into safer form
o In a septic tank at each building
o Just before the lagoon in a large septic tank or macerator system, or
o In the lagoon itself
STEP 6: Key Points (10 minutes)
pollutants and diseases
system.
STEP 7: Evaluation (5 minutes)
STEP 8: Assignment (10 minutes)
|Activity: Take Home Assignment (10 minutes) |
| |
|DIVIDE students in groups or individuals |
| |
|ASK the students to work on the following Assignment |
| |
|Prepare a presentation to be delivered to the class indicating |
|different ways of safe sewage disposal. |
| |
|ALLOCATE time for students to do the assignments and submit |
| |
|REFER students to recommended reference |
References
Basset, W.H. (1992). Clay’s Handbook of Environmental Health (16th ed).
London: Chapman and Hall
Nyamwaya, D. (1994).A Guide to Health Promotion through Water and
Sanitation, Nairobi: AMREF
Wood CH., Vaughan JP., &de Glanville H (1997).Community Health (2nded).
Nairobi: AMREF
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