Biashara ya nguruwe ina viashiria muhimu vya kufuatilia. Si lazima farm ndogo iwe na software; calculator na record book vinatosha kuanza.

Weight gain

Weight gain = final weight – initial weight.

Mfano: piglet kutoka 18 kg hadi 72 kg ameongeza 54 kg.

Average Daily Gain – ADG

ADG = weight gain ÷ days.

Ikiwa ongezeko la 54 kg limetokea ndani ya siku 90, ADG = 54 ÷ 90 = 0.60 kg/day. Target halisi itategemea genetics, stage, feed na environment.

Feed Conversion Ratio – FCR

FCR = total feed consumed ÷ total live-weight gain.

Batch ya pigs 10 ilianza na average 25 kg na kumaliza 80 kg. Total gain = 10 × 55 = 550 kg. Ikiwa feed used ilikuwa 1,650 kg, FCR = 1,650 ÷ 550 = 3.0.

Mortality rate

Mortality % = deaths ÷ number at risk × 100.

Pigs 50, deaths 2: 2 ÷ 50 × 100 = 4%. Record age/cause; mortality ya 4% inayotokea yote wiki ya kwanza ina maana tofauti na deaths zilizotawanyika miezi sita.

Litter size

Tenganisha total born, born alive na weaned. Mfano: total born 12, born alive 11, weaned 9. Pre-weaning survival = 9 ÷ 11 × 100 = 81.8%.

Weaning weight

Pima average weaning weight. Sow anaweza kuachisha piglets wengi lakini very light; hivyo number weaned na weight vyote vina maana. Linganisha sows kwa parity na litter size, si kwa namba moja peke yake.

Farrowing rate

Farrowing rate = sows farrowed ÷ sows served × 100 kwa cohort ile ile.

Sows 20 zilitumikiwa; 17 zikafarrow. Farrowing rate = 17 ÷ 20 × 100 = 85%. Wale watatu wengine wawekwe categories: returned to heat, aborted, not pregnant, sold/cull au unknown.

Feed cost per kilogram of gain

Hii ni metric ya biashara yenye nguvu.

Feed cost/kg gain = total feed cost ÷ total live-weight gain.

Ikiwa batch imetumia feed ya TSh 2,475,000 na kuongeza 550 kg, feed cost/kg gain = TSh 4,500. Hii si total production cost kwa kilo, kwa sababu bado kuna piglet cost, labour, water, health, depreciation na overhead.

Days to market

Andika siku kutoka entry/weaning hadi target market weight. Batch inayofika target haraka inaweza kuachia pen kwa batch inayofuata na kupunguza fixed cost kwa pig.

Dashboard ya mwezi

Farm ya biashara inaweza kuwa na ukurasa mmoja wenye: pigs on farm; sows served; farrowings; piglets born alive; piglets weaned; deaths; feed purchased; feed used; pigs sold; sales value; major expenses; average weight; na cash balance. Kila mwezi numbers hizi zikiwekwa mstari mmoja, trend itaonekana wazi.