Methods for Dissemination of Research Findings ………………………………………….. 260 – PST06210 Operational Research

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NTA Level 6 • Semester 2 • PST06210

Methods for Dissemination of Research Findings ………………………………………….. 260

Operational Research • Source Session/Topic 25
Full source-text version: all educational wording from the extracted learning source is retained; only presenter/tutor metadata and web-layout noise are removed, while formatting is improved for readability.

Session 25: Methods for Dissemination of Research Findings ………………………………………….. 260

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PST 06210 Operational Research NTA Level 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide iii

Background

There is currently an ever-increasing demand for pharmaceutical personnel in Tanzania.

This is due to expanding investment in public and private pharmaceutical sector. Shortage of

trained pharmaceutical human resource contributes to poor quality of pharmaceutical

services and low access to medicines in the country (GIZ, 2012).

Through Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) the Pharmacy Council (PC) together with

Development Partners (DPs) in Germany and Pharmaceutical Training Institutions (PTIs)

worked together to address the shortage of human resource for pharmacy by designing a

project named “Supporting Training Institutions for Improved Pharmaceutical Services in

Tanzania‖ in order to improve quality and capacity of PTIs in training.

CSSC prepared a Multi-actor Partnership (MAP) project proposal on how to sustain and

strengthen health care in Tanzania through improvement of pharmaceutical training and an

inter-institutional coordination of actors. This will harmonize and improve access to quality

pharmaceutical service in Tanzania.

The project has a various key stakeholders like; CSSC, NACTE, PC, TCU, CEDHA and

Pharmaceutical Training Institutions (PTIs). Through this project, few PTIs will receive

infrastructural improvements to increase the quantitative and qualitative capacities (CUHAS,

RUCU and KSP). Furthermore this project will train Pharmaceutical tutors from different

PTIs on teaching and assessment methods in Tanzania and thus improved health delivery

through increased qualified human resource.

It was also observed that in the previous stakeholder‘s meetings there was a need for the

development of training manuals and assessment plans for NTA Level 5 & 6, in order to

support the establishment and implementation of the curriculum in PTIs. During MAP kick-

off workshop done in February 2018, Stakeholders agreed that there was a need for

development of the said manuals and it was among the highest priority in Pharmacy

education in Tanzania. Therefore this project aims at developing facilitator‘s guide and

assessment plans for NTA Level 5 & 6.

Pharmacy Council, CSSC and action medeor developed the Terms of Reference and selected

a qualified service provider with experience in material development to develop the

mentioned training manuals and assessment plan. Centre for Educational Development in

Health Arusha (CEDHA) was selected and offered a contract to develop Facilitators guide for

NTA level 5 & 6 and assessment plan.

Centre for Educational Development in Health Arusha (CEDHA) was offered a leading role

with the instructions to include experts who have developed teaching materials for NTA

Level 4. These experts are primarily experienced pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical

tutors.

The mode of operation used by CEDHA to develop facilitator‘s guide and assessment plan

was participatory approach which included a number of activities through various workshops

such as planning, and orientation of material development. After these preliminary

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PST 06210 Operational Research NTA Level 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide iv

workshops, experts developed materials individually and in-groups. Thereafter, developed

draft materials were reviewed, edited and formatted and draft one was finalized and shared to

stakeholders for inputs.

Finally, CEDHA submitted the finalized Facilitator‘s guides and assessment plans for NTA

level 5 and 6 to CSSC for endorsement, printing, dissemination and sharing with relevant

authorities.

There are 12 modules for NTA level 6 making 12 Facilitator guides and one Practicum guide.

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PST 06210 Operational Research NTA Level 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide v

Acknowledgment

The development of standardized training materials of a competence-based curriculum for

pharmaceutical sciences has been accomplished through involvement of different

stakeholders.

Special thanks go to the Pharmacy Council for spearheading the harmonization of training

materials in the pharmacy after noticing that training institutions in Tanzania were using

different curricula and train their students differently.

I would also like to extend my gratitude to Christian Social Service Commission (CSSC) for

their tireless efforts to mobilize funds from development partners (German Ministry of Industry

and action medeor). It is through the implementation of the Multi-Actors Partnership (MAP)

project, CSSC has been able to provide the financial and technical support needed during the

development of this training material.

Many thanks go to the Centre for Educational Development in Health Arusha (CEDHA)

experts on health material development and training who coordinated the development of

these module sessions particularly Ms. Diana H. Gamuya for her commitment in coordinating

and facilitating the planning and development to its completion.

Particular acknowledgements are sent to Mr. Dickson Mtalitinya and Members from the

secretariat of National Council for Technical Education (NACTE) for facilitating and

providing their expertise to the success of this work.

It will be unfair if I will not recognize the efforts and contributions of all CEDHA supportive

staff that made this process a success; accountant, secretary, drivers and printers

Finally, I very much appreciate the contributions of the tutors and content experts

representing PTIs, hospitals, and other health training institutions. Their participation in

meetings and workshops, and their input in the development of this training

manual/facilitators guide have been invaluable.

These participants are listed with our gratitude below:

Ms. Elizabeth Shekalaghe Registrar, Pharmacy Council of Tanzania

Dr. Fadhili Lyimo Assistant Director Allied Health, MoHCDGEC

Dr. Jacqueline Uriyo Acting Principal, CEDHA

Dr. Sungwa N. Kabissi Project Manager – MAP, CSSC

Ms. Diana H. Gamuya CEDHA

Ms. Grace Mallange PC

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PST 06210 Operational Research NTA Level 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide vi

Ms. Emily Mwakibolwa Pharmacy Council

Ms. Tumaini H. Lyombe MUHAS

Ms. Dilisi J. Makawia KSP

Director of Human Resources Development

Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children

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PST 06210 Operational Research NTA Level 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide vii

Introduction

Module Overview

This module content is a guide for tutors of Pharmaceutical schools for training of students.

The session contents are based on sub-enabling outcomes and their related tasks of the

curriculum for Basic Technician Course in Pharmaceutical Sciences. The module sub-

enabling outcomes and their related tasks are as indicated in the in the Basic Technician

Certificate in Pharmaceutical Sciences (NTA Level 6) Curriculum

Target Audience

This module is intended for use primarily by tutors of pharmaceutical schools. The module‘s

sessions give guidance on the time, activities and provide information on how to teach the

session. The sessions include different activities which focus on increasing students‘

knowledge, skills and attitudes.

Organization of the Module

The module consists of twenty-five (25) sessions; each session is divided into several parts as

indicated below:

• Session Title: The name of the session
• Total Session Time: The estimated time for teaching the session, indicated in minutes
• Pre-requisites: A module or session which needs to be covered before teaching the

session.

• Learning Tasks: Statements which indicate what the student is expected to learn by the

end of the session

• Resources Needed: All resources needed for the session are listed including handouts

and worksheets

• Session Overview: The session overview box lists the steps, time for each step, the

activity or method used in each step and the step title

• Session Content: All the session contents are divided into steps. Each step has a heading

and an estimated time to teach that step as shown in the overview box. Also, this section

includes instructions for the tutor and activities with their instructions to be done during

teaching of the contents

• Key Points: Key messages for concluding the session contents at the end of a session

This step summarizes the main points and ideas from the session, based on the learning

tasks of the session

• Evaluation: The last section of the session consists of short questions based on the

learning tasks to check the understanding of students.

• Handouts: Additional information which can be used in the classroom while teaching or

later for students‘ further learning. Handouts are used to provide extra information related

to the session topic that cannot fit into the session time. Handouts can be used by the

students to study material on their own and to refer to them after the session. Sometimes,

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PST 06210 Operational Research NTA Level 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide viii

a handout will have questions or an exercise for the participants including the answers to

the questions.

Instructions for Use and Facilitators Preparation

• Tutors are expected to use the module as a guide to train students in the classroom and

skills laboratory

• The contents of the modules are the basis for teaching and learning dispensing.
• Use the session contents as a guide
• The tutors are therefore advised to read each session and the relevant handouts and

worksheets as preparation before facilitating the session

• Tutors need to prepare all the resources, as indicated in the resource section or any other

item, for an effective teaching and learning process

• Plan a schedule (timetable) of the training activities
• Facilitators are expected to be innovative to make the teaching and learning process

effective

• Read the sessions before facilitation; make sure you understand the contents in order to

clarify points during facilitation

• Time allocated is estimated, but you are advised to follow the time as much as possible,

and adjust as needed

• Use session activities and exercises suggested in the sessions as a guide
• Always involve students in their own learning. When students are involved, they learn

more effectively

• Facilitators are encouraged to use real life examples to make learning more realistic
• Make use of appropriate reference materials and teaching resources available locally

Preparation with Handouts and Worksheets

• Go through the session and identify handouts and worksheets needed for the session
• Reproduce pages of these handouts and worksheets for student use while teaching the

session. This will enable students to refer to handouts and worksheets during the session

in the class. You can reproduce enough copies for students or for sharing

• Give clear instructions to students on the student activity in order for the students to

follow the instructions of the activity

• Refer students to the specific page in the student manual as instructed in the facilitator

guide

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PST 06210 Operational Research NTA Level 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide ix

Using Students Manual When Teaching

• The student manual is a document which has the same content as the facilitator guide,

which excludes facilitator instructions and answers for exercises.

• The student manual is for assisting students to learn effectively and acts as a reference

document during and after teaching the session

• Some of the activities included in facilitator guide are in the student manual without

facilitator instructions

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PST 06210 Operational Research NTA Level 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide x

Abbreviations

AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

CA Continuous Assessment

CBHC Community Based Health Care

CEDHA Centre for Educational Development in Health Arusha

CME Continue in – service medical education

COSTECH Commission Science and Technology

CSSC Christian Social Service Commission

CUHAS Catholic University of Health and Allied Science

DIC Drug information center

DIC Drug information center

DMO District Medical Officer

DTC Drug therapeutic committee

EM Essential medicine

EML Essential medicines list

HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus

INN International non-proprietary name

LCD Liquid Crystal Device

MAP Multi actor partnership

MRCC Medical Research Coordinating

MUHAS Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Science

NACTE National Council for Technical Education

Nat HREC National Health Research Ethics Committee

NEMLT National essential medicine list

NID National Immunization Day

NTA National Technical Award

OTC Over the counter

PTIs Pharmaceutical Training Institutions

RA Regulatory authority

RuCU Ruaha Catholic University

SIBS Spring Institute for Business and Science

STG‘s Standard treatment guidelines

TFDA Tanzania food and drug authority

UNICEF United Nations International Children‘s Emergency Fund

USAID United States Agency for International Development

WHO World Health Organization

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PST 06210 Operational Research NTA Level 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide xi

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