Isoquinoline Alkaloids
Session 23: Isoquinoline Alkaloids
Total Session Time: 60 minutes
Prerequisites
Learning Tasks
By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Resources Needed:
SESSION OVERVIEW
|Step |Time |Activity/ |Content |
| | |Method | |
|1 |05 minutes |Presentation |Introduction, Learning Tasks |
|2 |10 minutes |Presentation |Definition of Isoquinoline |
| | | |Alkaloids |
|3 |15 minutes |Buzzing |Natural Sources and Uses of Opium |
| | |Presentation | |
|4 |10 minutes |Presentation |Natural Sources and Uses of Curare|
|5 |10 minutes |Presentation |Natural Sources and Uses of |
| | | |Ipecacuanha |
|6 |05 minutes |Presentation |Key Points |
|7 |05 minutes |Presentation |Evaluation |
SESSION CONTENTS
STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)
READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify
ASK students if they have any questions before continuing.
STEP 2: Definition of Isoquinoline Alkaloids (10 minutes)
and ipecacuanha
in their pharmacological actions
and method of bark collection
STEP 3: Natural Sources Uses of Opium (15 minutes)
|Activity: Buzzing (5 minutes) |
| |
|ASK students to pair up and buzz on the following question for 2 |
|minutes |
| |
|What is opium? |
| |
|ALLOW few pairs to respond and let other pairs to add on points |
|not mentioned |
| |
|WRITE their response on the flip chart/board |
| |
|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below |
o Opium (raw opium) is the latex obtained by incision from the unripe
capsules of Papaver somniferum, family papaveraceae
o It is dried partially by spontaneous evaporation and partly by
artificial heat
o It is commercially known as Indian opium.
o According to the BP, opium is intended only as a starting point for the
manufacture of galenicals, and should not be dispensed as such.
o There are 6 main alkaloids produced by opium;
o Opium and Morphine are used to relieve pain, as hypnotic, and for
decreasing metabolism
o Opium
to morphine (e.g. in diarrhoea).
o Codeine
STEP 4: Natural Sources and Uses of Curare (10 minutes)
o Curare refers to various South America arrow poisons extracts obtained
from members of Menispermaceae (Stephania) and Loganiaceae
(Chondrodendron tomentosum)
o There are three kinds of curare depending on their containers and
chemical characteristics;
o Pot-curare
o Tubocurarine
o Curarine
o Tubocurarine chloride is used to produce muscular relaxation in
surgical operations and neurological conditions
STEP 5: Natural Sources and Uses of Ipecacuahnha (10 minutes)
(Brazilian ipec) or Cèphalis acuminata (Costa Rica ipecac), family
Rubiaceae
o Emetine (60-75%)
o Cephaeline,
o Psychotrine
o Psychotrine methyl ether
o Ipecacuanhin
o Emetamine
o Psychotrine methylether
o Ipecoside (glycoside)
ipecacuanhic acid) ipecoside, starch and calcium oxalate
o Expectorant
o Emetic
o Amoebic Dysentry
o Emetine is more expectorant and less emetic in action than
cephaeline
o Psychotrine:
o Selective HIV inhibitors (study could lead to therapeutically
useful agents)
STEP 6: Key Points (5 minutes)
from opium and ipecacuanha
capsules of Papaver somniferum, family papaveraceae
plants
STEP 7: Evaluation (5 minutes)
References
Trease, G. E., Evans, W. C., & Evans, D. (2009). Trease and Evans
pharmacognosy. London: Saunders.
Joanne Barnes et al (2002), Herbal medicines 3rd Edition: Pharmaceutical
Press
Wallis, T. E. (2005). Textbook of pharmacognosy. New Delhi: CBS.
Robbers, J. E., Speedie, M. K., Tyler, V. E., & Tyler, V. E. (1996).
Pharmacognosy and pharmacobiotechnology. Baltimore: Williams &
Wilkins.
Heinrich, M., Kinghorn, A. D., Maizels, D., Gibbons, S., & Phillipson, J.
Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier.
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