Gum, Mucilage and Pectins
Session 17: Gum, Mucilage and Pectins
Total Session Time: 120 minutes
Prerequisites
Learning Tasks
By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Resources Needed:
SESSION OVERVIEW
|Step |Time |Activity/ |Content |
| | |Method | |
|1 |05 minutes |Presentation |Introduction, Learning Tasks |
|2 |15 minutes |Presentation |Introduction to Gum, Mucilage and |
| | | |Pectins |
|3 |25 minutes |Presentation |Natural Source, Constituents and |
| | | |Uses of Tragacanth Gum |
|4 |25 minutes |Presentation |Natural Source, Constituents and |
| | |Buzzing |Uses of Acacia Gum |
|5 |20 minutes |Presentation |Natural Source, Constituents and |
| | | |Uses of Sterculia Gum |
|6 |20 minutes |Presentation |Natural Source, Constituents and |
| | |Brainstorming |Uses of Psyllium |
|7 |05 minutes |Presentation |Key Points |
|8 |05 minutes |Presentation |Evaluation |
SESSION CONTENTS
STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)
READ or ASK students to read the learning objectives and clarify
ASK students if they have any questions before continuing.
STEP 2: Introduction to Gums, Mucilage and Pectins (15 minutes)
mixture of sugar and uronic acids.
plant or owing to unfavourable conditions such as draught, by a breakdown
of cell walls e.g. tragacanth (extracellular formation gummosis)
within the cell (intracellular formation) and may represent storage
material, a water storage reservoir or a protection for germinating
seeds.
senna, in seed coats (linseed, psyllium etc.) roots (marshmallow) and
barks (slippery elm)
STEP 3: Natural Source, Constituents and Uses of Tragacanth Gum (25
minutes)
o Tragacanth is the “air hardened gummy exudate flowing naturally or
obtained by incision, from the trunk & branches of Astragalus gummifer
(Labillardiere) and certain other spp. of Astragalus
o Tragacanth is the gum that exudes immediately after injury of the plant
occurs and is therefore pre-formed in the plant
o Tragacanthin
o Bassorin
o Sugar
o Uronic acids
o Used as a suspending agent for insoluble powders
o Binding agent in pills and tablets
o Emulgent
o A binding agent in food industry
STEP 4: Natural Source, Constituents and Uses of Acacia Gum (25 minutes)
o Acacia gum is a dried gum obtained from the stem and branches of Acacia
senegal and some other spp of Acacia (Leguminoseae).
o Arabin (Arabic acid)
o Galactose
o Arabinose
o Rhamnose
o Uronic acids
o Oxidase enzyme
|Activity: Buzzing (5 minutes) |
| |
|ASK students to pair up and buzz on the following question for 2 |
|minutes |
| |
|What are the uses of acacia gum in pharmacy? |
| |
|ALLOW few pairs to respond and let other pairs to add on points not |
|mentioned |
| |
|WRITE their response on the flip chart/board |
| |
|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below |
o Used as a general stabilizer in emulsions
o Used in lozenges
o As demulcent
o Used for treatment of diarrhoea, cough and sore throat
o It is also widely used in food and drink industries
STEP 5: Natural Source, Constituents and Uses of Sterculia Gum (20
minutes)
o Sterculia gum is the gummy exudate obtained from the tree, Sterculia
urens (Sterculiaceae).
o Uronic acids
o Partial hydrolysis yields
o Granular grades are used as a bulk laxative (second only to psyllium
seed in use as a bulk laxative).
o Powdered gum is used in lozenges, pastes and denture fixture powders.
STEP 6: Natural Source, Constituents and Uses of Psyllium (20 minutes)
o Psyllium consists of the dried, ripe seeds of Plantago afra (Plantago
psyllium), P. indica (P. arenaria) and P. ovata (Plantaginaceae)
o Mucilage
o Fixed oil
o Sugars
o Sterols
o Protein
|Activity: Buzzing (5 minutes) |
| |
|ASK students to pair up and buzz on the following question for 2 |
|minutes |
| |
|What are the uses of psyllium? |
| |
|ALLOW few pairs to respond and let other pairs to add on points not |
|mentioned |
| |
|WRITE their response on the flip chart/board |
| |
|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below |
o Psyllium is mainly used as a
with elevated cholesterol,
STEP 7: Key Points (5 minutes)
yield a mixture of sugar and uronic acids.
to unfavourable conditions such as draught, by a breakdown of cell walls
e.g. tragacanth
senegal and some other spp of Acacia (Leguminoseae).
STEP 8: Evaluation (5 minutes)
References
Trease, G. E., Evans, W. C., & Evans, D. (2009). Trease and Evans
pharmacognosy. London: Saunders.
Joanne Barnes et al (2002), Herbal medicines 3rd Edition: Pharmaceutical
Press
Wallis, T. E. (2005). Textbook of pharmacognosy. New Delhi: CBS.
Robbers, J. E., Speedie, M. K., Tyler, V. E., & Tyler, V. E. (1996).
Pharmacognosy and pharmacobiotechnology. Baltimore: Williams &
Wilkins.
Heinrich, M., Kinghorn, A. D., Maizels, D., Gibbons, S., & Phillipson, J.
Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier.
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