Description of Antipsychotic Drugs
Session 39: Description of Antipsychotic Drugs
Total Session Time: 120 minutes
Prerequisites
Learning Tasks
By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Resources Needed:
SESSION OVERVIEW
Activity/
Step Time Content
Method
1 05 minutes Presentation Introduction, Learning Tasks
Presentation
2 20 minutes Indications of antipsychotic drugs
Brainstorming
3 20 minutes Presentation Contraindication of antipsychotic drugs
Dose, dosage and course of antipsychotic
4 30 minutes Presentation
drugs
Presentation Side effects and adverse effects of
5 20 minutes
Buzzing antipsychotic drugs
Interaction and precaution of antipsychotic
6 15 minutes Presentation
drugs
7 05 minutes Presentation Key Points
8 05 minutes Presentation Evaluation
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SESSION CONTENTS
STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)
READ or ASK students to read the learning objectives and clarify
ASK students if they have any questions before continuing.
STEP 2: Indications of Antipsychotic Drugs (20 minutes)
Activity: Buzzing (5 minutes)
ASK students to pair up and buzz on the following question for 2 minutes
ALLOW few pairs to respond and let other pairs to add on points not mentioned
WRITE their response on the flip chart/board
CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below
o First-generation antipsychotics, also known as typical antipsychotics
o Examples are:
Chlorpromazine
Haloperidol
Thioridazine
Fluphenazine
o Second-generation drugs, known as atypical antipsychotics
o Examples are:
Clozapine
Olanzapine
Risperidone
to treat psychotic disorders
STEP 3: Contraindications of Antipsychotic Drugs (20 minutes)
o Hypersensitivity
o Liver damage
o Coronary artery disease
o Cerebrovascular disease
o Parkinsonism
o Bone marrow depression
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o Severe hypotension or hypertension
o Coma
o Severely depressed states
STEP 4: Dose, Dosage and Course of Antipsychotic Drugs (30 minutes)
o Olanzapine 5-10mg 12 hourly. Maximum dose 25mg/day OR
o Risperidone 1mg bid then increase by 1mg every 2-3 days to 2 – 3mg twelve hourly.
Maximum dose 16mg/day
STEP 5: Side Effects and Adverse Effects of Antipsychotic Drugs (20
minutes)
Activity: Buzzing (5 minutes)
ASK students to pair up and buzz on the following question for 2 minutes
ALLOW few pairs to respond and let other pairs to add on points not mentioned
WRITE their response on the flip chart/board
CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below
Common side effects of antipsychotics include:
o Sedation (particularly common in patients on clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine and
chlorpromazine
o Headaches
o Dizziness
o Diarrhea
o Anxiety
antipsychotics), which includes:
o Akathisia — an often distressing sense of inner restlessness.
o Dystonia
o Parkinsonism
o Tremor
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cause:
o Galactorrhoea unusual secretion of breast milk.
o Gynaecomastia
o Sexual dysfunction (in both sexes)
o Osteoporosis
o Blurred vision
o Constipation
o Dry mouth (although hypersalivation may also occur)
o Reduced perspiration
o Slow (hence the tardive) repetitive, involuntary and purposeless movements, most
often of the face, lips, legs, or torso
STEP 6: Interactions and precautions of antipsychotic drugs (15 minutes)
Antipsychotics should be used cautiously in people with:
STEP 7: Key Points (5 minutes)
are hypersensitive to these drugs
schizophrenia
STEP 8: Evaluation (5 minutes)
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References
MoHSW (2013). Standard Treatment Guidelines & National Essential Medicines List
Tanzania Mainland (4th ed.). Dar es salaam: Tanzania Government Printers.
Sally, S.R. Jeanne, C.S. (2000). Introductory Clinical Pharmacology (6thed) New York,
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2011).Tanzania Pharmaceutical Handbook (2nd ed.). Dar
es Salaam: ARDHI University Press.
Pharmacotherapy: a pathophysiologic approach (9th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill
Education.
The Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (2007). Martindale, the Extra
Pharmacopoeia (5th ed). London: Pharmaceutical Press.
The Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (2009). British National Formulary (59th
ed). London: BMJ Group and RPS Publishing.
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