Description of Cough and Cold Preparations
Session 36: Description of Cough and Cold Preparations
Total Session Time: 120 minutes
Prerequisites
Learning Tasks
By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Cough and Cold Preparations
Resources Needed:
SESSION OVERVIEW
Activity/
Step Time Content
Method
1 05 minutes Presentation Introduction, Learning Objectives
Presentation Definition and Symptoms of Common Cold
2 10 minutes
Brainstorming and Cough
Presentation
3 20 minutes Indications of Cough and Cold Preparations
Buzzing
Dose, Dosage and Course of Cough and Cold
4 20 minutes Presentation
Preparations
Presentation Side Effects, Adverse Effects,
5 55 minutes Small Group Contraindications, Interactions and
Discussion Precautions of Cough and Cold Preparations.
6 05 minutes Presentation Key Points
7 05 minutes Presentation Evaluation
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SESSION CONTENTS
STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Objectives
(05 minutes)
READ or ASK students to read the learning objectives and clarify
ASK students if they have any questions before continuing.
STEP 2: Definition and Symptoms of Common Cold and Cough
(10 minutes)
Activity: Brainstorming (5 minutes)
Ask students to brainstorm on the following questions:
ALLOW few students to respond
WRITE their responses on the flip chart/ board
CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below
respiratory tract that primarily affects the nose
infections
o Cough
o Runny nose
o Blocked nose
o Sore throat
o Fever
o Malaise
o Headache and
o Loss of appetite
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STEP 3: Indications of Cough and Cold Preparations (20 minutes)
Activity: Buzzing (5 minutes)
ASK students to pair up and buzz on the following question for 2 minutes
ALLOW few pairs to respond and let other pairs to add on points not mentioned
WRITE their response on the flip chart/board
CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below
Cough and cold preparations are indicated for: Preparations which contains Codeine,
dextromethorphan (and some other opioids), antihistamines and soothing remedies like cough
syrups are used for cough relief
the thick sputum by reducing the viscosity
brompheniramine, saline nose drops and hot fluids are used for nose congestion
benzocaine are used for sore throat relieves
STEP 4: Dose, Dosage and Course of Cough and Cold Preparations
(20 minutes)
preparation
dosage and course of the preparations
doses and dosages
hourly bases
for children above five years
doctor for further check-up
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STEP 5: Side Effects, Contraindications, Interactions and Precautions of
Cough and Cold Preparations (55 minutes)
Activity: Small Group Discussion ( 30 minutes)
DIVIDE students into small manageable groups
ASK students to discuss on the following question
cough and cold preparations?
ALLOW students to discuss for 15 minutes
ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not mentioned
CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the contents below
o Codeine and dextromethorphan cause nausea, vomiting, constipation, dizziness and
dependence
o Antihistamines cause gastrointestinal disturbances plus central nervous system
disturbances like nausea
o High concentration of alcohol in cough syrups causes sedation by supressing the
cough reflex. Also high concentration of sugar may cause osmotic diarrhoea
o Expectorants cause gastric mucosa irritation, nausea and vomiting
o Mucolytic agents cause bronchospasm, fever and gastrointestinal disturbances
o Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine cause constriction of nasal blood vessels hence
reducing mucosal swelling
o Infants may choke due to aspiration if large volume of normal saline nasal drop is
used
o Lozenges cause aspiration in children
o Most of mucolytic agents are contraindicated to peptic ulceration, and some in
pregnancy and breast feeding
o Codeine and dextromethorphan should be avoided in patients with acute respiratory
depression
o In intracranial pressure and head injury
o Most drug combinations in cough and cold preparations have no rational basis as may
contain ineffective or effective opposing ingredients such as expectorants with cough
suppressants. Such combination should be avoided
o Anaesthetic agents, mucolytic, oral nasal decongestants and antihistamines should be
avoided in young children
o Avoid using more than one preparation at a time
o Avoid the use of codeine cough suppressants in children below 6 years
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o Mucolytic agents should be used with caution with peptic ulceration as may disrupt
gastric mucosa
STEP 6: Key Points (5 minutes)
sore throat, fever, malaise, headache and loss of appetite
right indication of them
preparation
STEP 7: Evaluation (05 minutes)
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References
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare. (2013). Standard Treatment Guidelines & National
Essential Medicines List Tanzania Mainland (4th ed.). Dar es salaam, Tanzania
government printers.
Pharmacotherapy: a pathophysiologic approach (9th ed.). New York, McGraw-Hill
Education.
Sally S.R & Jeanne C.S. (2000). Introductory Clinical Pharmacology (6th ed) New York,
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
School of Pharmaceutical sciences.( 2011).Tanzania Pharmaceutical Handbook (2nd ed.).
Dar es Salaam, ARDHI University press.
The Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. (2007). Martindale, the Extra
Pharmacopoeia (5TH ed). London, pharmaceutical press.
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