NTA Level 4 • Semester 1 • PST04102

Identification of Patients with Dermatophytes

Disease Control and Prevention • Source Session/Topic 26

Full source-text version: all educational wording from the extracted learning source is retained; only presenter/tutor metadata and web-layout noise are removed, while formatting is improved for readability.

Session 26: Identification of Patients with Dermatophytes

Total Session Time: 120 minutes + 2 hours Assignment

Prerequisites

• None

Learning Tasks

By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:

• Describe Cause(s) of Dermatophytes

• Describe Mode of Transmission of Dermatophytes

• Describe Major Signs and Symptoms of Dermatophytes

• Explain Treatment of Dermatophytes

• Explain Prevention and Control of Dermatophytes

Resources Needed

• Flip charts, marker pens, and masking tape

• Black/white board and chalk/whiteboard markers

• Computer and LCD Projector

SESSION OVERVIEW

SESSION CONTENTS

STEP1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)

READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify

ASK students if they have any questions before continuing

STEP 2: Causes of Dermatophytes (10 minutes)

Definition

• Dermatomycosis is a term applied to fungal infection of the skin and its

appendages i.e. hair and nails

o Different types are identified according to causative organism, site

and clinical appearance

o They are sometimes indicators of immune suppression as occurs in AIDS,

cancer, diabetes and tuberculosis.

Types of dermatomycosis

• Tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp)

• Tinea corporis (ringworm of the body)

• Tinea pedis (ringworm of the foot or ‘athlete’s foot’)

• Tinea unguium (ringworm of the nails)

• Tinea versicolor or pityriasis

STEP 3: Mode of Transmission of Dermatophytes (30 minutes)

|Activity: Group discussion (20 minutes) |

| |

|DIVIDEstudents into small manageable groups |

| |

|ASK students to discuss on the following question |

| |

|What is the mode of transmission of dermatophytes? |

| |

|ALLOW students to discuss for 15 minutes |

| |

|ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not mentioned |

| |

|WRITE their response on the flip chart/board |

| |

|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below |

• All fungi may be transmitted to humans by direct skin contact from

their habitat in the soil, vegetation, animals or other individuals

• Genital infection (balanitis and vulvo-vaginitis) may spread during

sexual intercourse but most candida infections are not sexually

transmitted

• Local conditions on the skin such as moist and hot environment are

predisposing factors

[pic]

STEP 4: Signs and Symptoms of Dermatophytes (15 minutes)

|Activity: Buzzing (5 minutes) |

| |

|ASK students to pair up and buzz on the following question for 2 |

|minutes |

| |

|What are the signs and symptoms of dermatomycosis? |

| |

|ALLOW few pairs to respond and let other pairs to add on points not |

|mentioned |

| |

|WRITE their response on the flip chart/board |

| |

|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below |

Tinea Capitis (Ringworm of the scalp)

• Begins as a small papule which spreads to involve a larger area

• Hairs in the affected skin become brittle and break off easily

• Occurs mainly in children under 10 years and often disappears after

puberty

Tinea Corporis (Ringworm of the body)

• Characterized by flat ring shaped spreading lesions

• The ring lesions are reddish, vesicular or pastula, and may be dry and

scaly, or moist and crusted

• The central area often clears leaving apparently normal skin

Tinea Pedis (Ringworm of the foot or athlete’s foot)

• Characterized by scaling and cracking of the skin between the toes,

particularly the fourth and fifth toes

Tinea Unguium (Ringworm of the nails)

• Characterized by a thickening, discolouration and brittleness of the

nails

• There is accumulation of caseous materials beneath the nail which

becomes chalky and disintegrates

Tinea Versicolor or Pityriasis

• This is a very superficial infection

• Skin on side of face, neck and chest show many irregular, round and light-

coloured areas

STEP 5: Treatment of Dermatophytes (15 minutes)

Tinea Capitis

• Griseofulvin is the drug of choice, although oral therapy with

itraconazole and terbinafine are effective alternatives.

• Oral fluconazole seems to have similar efficacy to Griseofulvin

• Give Griseofulvin at a dosage of 250 mg twice a day or 500mg once a day

in adults and 20-25mg/kg for children for 6-12 weeks

• Whitefield’s ointment applied twice daily for 3 – 6 weeks has also been

used in areas where the above drugs are not available.

Tinea Corporis

• This responds well with application of topical antifungal such as

Clotrimazole 1% cream, lotion or solution (use twice daily), and

ketoconazole 2% cream (used once daily)

• Severe disease and disease in immune compromised patients should be

treated with systemic agents

Tinea Cruris

• Topical antifungal treatment should be used (just as in Tinea corporis)

• Resistant lesions can be treated with griseofulvin or other systemic

agents

• Patients should be advised to dry the area completely after bath and not

to wear tight clothing

Tinea Pedis

• Topical agents applied for duration of 4 weeks are usually effective

• Chronic or extensive disease may require

o Griseofulvin 250 – 500mg twice daily for 6 – 12 weeks, or

o Terbinafine 250 mg daily or itraconazole 200 mg daily

Tinea Unguium

• Systemic antifungal are indicated

• Terbinafine and itraconazole are more effective than other agent

STEP 6: Prevention and Control of Dermatophytes (30 minutes)

|Activity: Group discussion (15 minutes) |

| |

|DIVIDEstudents into small manageable groups |

| |

|ASK students to discuss on the following question |

| |

|What are the prevention and control measures of dermatophytes? |

| |

|ALLOW students to discuss for 10 minutes |

| |

|ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not mentioned |

| |

|WRITE their response on the flip chart/board |

| |

|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below |

Dermatomycosis Prevention and Control

• Early diagnosis and treatment of infected person

• Improve personal hygiene – regular bathing with water and soap

• Dry skin well (especially feet)

STEP 7: Key Points (5 minutes)

• Dermatomycosis is a fungal infection of the skin

• Four types of dermetomycosis are common i.e. tinea capitis, corporis,

pedis, unguim and vesicolor

• Fungal infections are mostly transmitted through body contact

• Signs and symptoms depends on the area affected

• Treatment depends on the site of infection

• Prevention is through improved personal hygiene

STEP 8: Evaluation (5 minutes)

• What causes of dermatophytes?

• What is the mode of transmission of dermatophytes?

• What are major signs and symptoms of dermatophytes?

• What is the treatment of dermatophytes?

• What are the prevention and control measures of dermatophytes?

STEP 9: Assignment (5 minutes)

|Activity: Take Home Assignment (5 minutes) |

| |

|ASK the students to work individually on the following Assignment |

|Explain preventive measures that you will take to control Bronchitis |

|ALLOCATE time for students to do the assignments and submit |

| |

|REFER students to recommended references |

References

Cook, G. & Zumla, A. (2003).Manson’s Tropical Diseases. (21st ed.).

London:

Saunders Ltd

Denyer, S. P. Hodges, N. A. & Gorman, S. P (2011) Ed. Hugo & Russell’s

Pharmaceutical Microbiology (8thed). Oxford: Willey-Blackwell Publishing

Eshuis, J. & Manschot, P (1992). Communicable diseases, (1st ed). Nairobi:

AMREF

GoT (2004): National Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) Guidelines for

Healthcare Workers. Dar es Salaam: MOHSW

GoT (2013) Standard Treatment Guidelines & National Essential Medicines

List (4thed). Dar es Salaam: MOHSW

Nordberg, E. (1999): Communicable Diseases, A Manual for Health Workers in

Sub-Saharan Africa, Nairobi: AMREF

Nordberg, E., Kingondu, T., & Mugambi, E., et al. (2008) Communicable

Diseases. (4thed.). Nairobi: AMREF

← Previous Topic Next Topic →View all Disease Control and Prevention topics Open Complete Full Notes

PDF / OFFLINE NOTES

Unataka kutumiwa notes hizi kupitia WhatsApp?Kwa notes zilizopangiliwa vizuri kwa kusoma offline au PDF, bonyeza kitufe hapa chini. Ujumbe wenye Level, Semester, Module na Topic utaandaliwa moja kwa moja.TUMIWA NOTES WHATSAPP

WhatsApp: 255620339260