Measures to Improve Hygiene and Sanitation
Session 6: Measures to Improve Hygiene and Sanitation
Total Session Time: 120 minutes + 2 hours Assignment
Prerequisites
Learning Tasks
By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Differentiate Hygiene from Sanitation
Describe the Importance of Sanitation and Hygiene
Resources Needed:
SESSION OVERVIEW
|Step |Time |Activity/ |Content |
| | |Method | |
|1 |5 minutes |Presentation |Introduction, Learning Tasks |
|2 |30 minutes |Presentation |Hygiene and Sanitation |
| | |Buzzing | |
|3 |60 minutes |Presentation |Importance of Sanitation and Hygiene|
| | |Small Group | |
| | |Discussion | |
|4 |10 minutes |Presentation |Key Points |
|5 |5 minutes |Presentation |Evaluation |
|6 |10 minutes |Presentation |Assignment |
SESSION CONTENTS
STEP1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)
READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify
ASK students if they have any questions before continuing
STEP 2: Hygiene and Sanitation (30 minutes)
|Activity: Buzzing (10 minutes) |
| |
|ASK students to pair up and buzz on the following question for 2 |
|minutes |
| |
|What is the difference between hygiene and sanitation? |
| |
|ALLOW few pairs to respond and let other pairs to add on points not |
|mentioned |
| |
|WRITE their response on the flip chart/board |
| |
|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below |
Hygiene – Things that you do to keep yourself and your surrounding
clean to maintain good health. Few examples of hygiene practices are:
o Sterilization of instruments used in surgical procedures
o Use of protective clothing and barriers, such
as masks, gowns, caps, eyewear and gloves
o Safe disposal of medical waste
o Disinfection of reusable materials such as linen, pads, uniforms
o Hand-washing before and after dispensing of medicines
Sanitation – is promotion of health through prevention of human
contact with the hazards of wastes, treatment and proper disposal of
sewage or wastewater.
Few examples of sanitation are:
Differences between Sanitation and Hygiene
|Sanitation |Hygiene |
|Promotion of healthy living and |Cumulative group of practices |
|good health by preventing human |perceived by group of people to be |
|contact with waste and other forms |a way towards healthy living |
|of organisms causing diseases. | |
|Associated with human wastes, |Associated with human body |
|environmental wastes and other | |
|forms of wastes | |
STEP 3: Importance of Sanitation and Hygiene (60 minutes)
|Activity: Small Group Discussion ( 20 minutes) |
| |
|DIVIDE students into small manageable groups |
| |
|ASK students to discuss on the following question |
|What are the importance of sanitation and hygiene? |
| |
|ALLOW students to discuss for 10 minutes |
| |
|ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not mentioned |
| |
|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the contents below |
Importance of Sanitation
Importance of hygiene
rather than mere absence of disease
STEP 4: Key Points (10 minutes)
with wastesSanitation and hygiene are important for disease prevention
STEP 5: Evaluation (5 minutes)
STEP 6: Assignment (10 minutes)
|Activity: Take Home Assignment (10 minutes) |
| |
|DIVIDE students in groups or individuals |
| |
|ASK the students to work on the following Assignment |
|Prepare a presentation to be delivered to the class indicating |
|different hygienic measures practiced in their households. |
| |
|ALLOCATE time for students to do the assignments and submit |
| |
|REFER students to recommended reference |
References
Cook, G., & Zumla, A. (2003). Manson’s Tropical Diseases. (21sted.).
London: Saunders Ltd.
GoT (2004): National Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) Guidelines for
Healthcare Workers. Dar es Salaam: MOHSW
GoT (2013) Standard Treatment Guidelines & National Essential Medicines
List (4thed). Dar es Salaam: MOHSW
Nordberg, E. (1999): Communicable Diseases, A Manual for Health Workers in
Sub-Saharan Africa, Nairobi: AMREF
Nordberg, E., Kingondu, T., & Mugambi, E., et al. (2008) Communicable
Diseases. (4thed). Nairobi: AMREF
Nyamwaya, D. (1994): A Guide to Health Promotion through Water and
Sanitation, Nairobi: AMREF
World Health Organization (1999), Guidelines for safe disposal of unwanted
pharmaceuticals in and after emergencies. Geneva: WHO
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